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Multi-enzymatic Systems Immobilized on Chitosan Beads for Pomegranate Juice Treatment in Fluidized Bed Reactor: Effect on Haze-Active Molecules and Chromatic Properties

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Abstract

In this study, two different food-grade enzymes (i.e., bromelain from a pineapple stem (protease) and Pectinex® BE XXL (pectinase)) were successfully immobilized on chitosan beads and their application in pomegranate juice clarification was evaluated. The immobilization procedure was optimized for maximizing the specific activity of biocatalysts, and the best performance was reached using an immobilization solution containing 1.0 mgBSAeq/mL (for protease) and 1.8 mgBSAeq/mL (for pectinase). The biocatalysts were combined in a multi-enzymatic system and used in a fluidized bed reactor, varying the protease-to-pectinase ratio (1:2 or 1:4) and the treatment time (4 h or 8 h). The process carried out using the protease-to-pectinase ratio 1:2, for 8 h, was the most suitable in terms of immediate (− 49%) and potential (− 70%) turbidity depletion compared with the untreated juice, after 21 days. At the end of the storage period, this biotechnological approach allowed a significant reduction of haze-active molecules. All the enzymatically treated juices better preserved the anthocyanin pattern compared with the untreated juice over time. The best supplied treatment allowed better retaining the native chromatic properties of juice, preserving it from colloidal instability as well as from the possible related color degradation tendency.

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Funding

This work was financially supported by the BioEnBi project “Biotecnologie enzimatiche innovative per processi di chiarifica sostenibili nel settore birrario” (Grant 85-2017-15362), funded by Lazio Innova Spa, Lazio Region (Italy), in the context of Progetti Gruppi di Ricerca, Lazio Innova 2018–2020.

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  1. Department of Agriculture and Forestry Science (DAFNE), Tuscia University, Via S. Camillo de Lellis snc, 01100, Viterbo, Italy

    Ilaria Benucci, Caterina Mazzocchi, Claudio Lombardelli & Marco Esti

  2. Department of Engineering, University of Rome “Niccolo Cusano”, Via Don Carlo Gnocchi 3, 00166, Rome, Italy

    Ilaria Cacciotti

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  1. Ilaria Benucci
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  2. Caterina Mazzocchi
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Correspondence to Claudio Lombardelli.

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Benucci, I., Mazzocchi, C., Lombardelli, C. et al. Multi-enzymatic Systems Immobilized on Chitosan Beads for Pomegranate Juice Treatment in Fluidized Bed Reactor: Effect on Haze-Active Molecules and Chromatic Properties. Food Bioprocess Technol 12, 1559–1572 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11947-019-02315-w

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