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Performance Evaluation of Top-Spray Fluidized Bed Coating for Healthy Coated Rice Production

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Abstract

Coating with top-spray fluidized bed at inappropriate operating condition not only provides low product quality but also leads to low coating efficiency and improper energy consumption. The objective of this study was therefore to study the effects of superficial air velocity (Vf), atomization air pressure (Ap), and recycled exhaust air (Ra) on the performance of top-spray fluidized bed coating (TSFBC) in terms of product quality, coating efficiency (CE), and energy consumption for producing turmeric extract coated rice (TECR). The experimental results showed that the operation of TSFBC without Ra provided the final moisture content (MC) of TECR lower than 12 % (wet basis (w.b.)) for all Vf’s and Ap’s. The lowering final MC of TECR below 11.8 % (w.b.) led to the fissure of all TECR kernels. The Ra with 80 % could significantly reduce the number of fissured kernels and the energy consumption of electric heater by 41.7–46.5 %. The operation of TSFBC at low Vf, i.e., 2 m/s, resulted in high number of uncoated white rice kernels (UCWR) for all Ap’s and Ra. When the Vf was increased to 2.5 or 3 m/s, the number of UCWR was significantly reduced and the value of CE was higher than that at 2 m/s. At such both velocities, the Ap and Ra insignificantly affected the CE but the Ra slightly affected the number of UCWR.

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Abbreviations

ANOVA:

Analysis of variance

Ap:

Atomization air pressure (barg)

CE :

Coating efficiency (%)

E :

Energy consumption of TSFBC (MJ)

GAE:

Gallic acid equivalent

HCRY:

Head coated rice yield (%)

kg:

Kilogram

MC:

Moisture content (% w.b.)

mg:

Milligram

MJ:

Mega joule

mL:

Milliliter

M TECR :

Mass of overall TECR (kg)

PFK:

Percentage of fissured kernels (%)

PID:

Proportional–integral–differential

Ra:

Recycled exhaust air (%)

SEC :

Specific energy consumption (MJ/kg TECR)

SEC blower :

Specific energy consumption of high pressure blower (MJ/kg TECR)

SEC heater :

Specific energy consumption of electric heater (MJ/kg TECR)

SEC spraying :

Specific energy consumption of spraying system (MJ/kg TECR)

TDM TECR :

Total dry mass of TECR (g)

TDM WR :

Total dry mass of white rice (g)

TECR :

Turmeric extract coated rice

TES :

Total turmeric extract solution that was sprayed onto the fluidized particles (mL)

TPC:

Total phenolic content (mg GAE/100 g dry sample)

TPC SOL :

Total phenolic content of prepared turmeric extract solution (mg GAE/mL)

TPC TECR :

Total phenolic content of TECR (mg GAE/g dry mass sample)

TPC WR :

Total phenolic content of white rice (mg GAE/g dry mass sample)

TSFBC:

Top-spray fluidized bed coating

UCWR:

Uncoated white rice kernels (%)

Vf:

Superficial air velocity (m/s)

v/v :

Volume by volume

w.b.:

Wet basis

w/v :

Weight by volume

μL:

Microliter

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Acknowledgments

The authors express their sincere appreciation to the Thailand Research Fund (TRF) under the Royal Golden Jubilee Ph.D. Program (Grant number: PHD/0209/2551), King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), and Research Chair Grant of National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA) for their financial support. The authors also thank the Institute of Food Research and Product Development (IFRPD), Kasetsart University (KU), for supporting the equipment to determine total phenolic content of the samples.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Energy Technology Division, School of Energy, Environment and Materials, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, 126 Pracha Uthit Road, Bang Mod, Thung Khru, Bangkok, 10140, Thailand

    Arkom Palamanit & Somchart Soponronnarit

  2. Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, 126 Pracha Uthit Road, Bang Mod, Thung Khru, Bangkok, 10140, Thailand

    Somkiat Prachayawarakorn

  3. Institute of Food Research and Product Development, Kasetsart University, 50 Phahon Yothin Road, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand

    Patcharee Tungtrakul

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  1. Arkom Palamanit
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  2. Somkiat Prachayawarakorn
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  3. Patcharee Tungtrakul
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  4. Somchart Soponronnarit
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Correspondence to Somkiat Prachayawarakorn.

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Palamanit, A., Prachayawarakorn, S., Tungtrakul, P. et al. Performance Evaluation of Top-Spray Fluidized Bed Coating for Healthy Coated Rice Production. Food Bioprocess Technol 9, 1317–1326 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11947-016-1720-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11947-016-1720-3

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