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Neurocognitive Deficits and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation in Adult Brain Tumors

  • Neuro-oncology (R Soffietti, Section Editor)
  • Published:
Current Treatment Options in Neurology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Opinion statement

Neurocognitive deficits are common with brain tumors. If assessed at presentation using detailed neurocognitive tests, problems are detected in 80 % of cases. Neurocognition may be affected by the tumor, its treatment, associated medication, mood, fatigue, and insomnia. Interpretation of neurocognitive problems should be considered in the context of these factors. Early post-operative neurocognitive rehabilitation for brain tumor patients will produce rehabilitation outcomes (e.g., quality of life, improved physical function, subjective neurocognition) equivalent to stroke, multiple sclerosis, and head injury, but the effect size and duration of benefit needs further research. In stable patients treated with radiotherapy +/− chemotherapy, the most frequent causes of distress include neurocognitive problems, psychological factors of anxiety, depression, fatigue, and sleep. Exercise, neurocognitive training, neurocognitive behavioral therapy, and medications to treat fatigue, behavior, memory, mood, and removal of drugs that may be associated with neurocognitive side effects (e.g., anti-epileptic drugs) all show promise in helping patients to manage the effects of their neurocognitive impairments better. As these are complex symptoms, multidisciplinary expertise is necessary to evaluate the influence of each variable to plan appropriate support and intervention. Neurocognitive rehabilitation should therefore occur in parallel with disease-centered, medical management from the outset. It should not occur in series, as a restricted phase in a patient’s pathway. It should be considered in the pre- and post-operative period where there are good prospects of recovery, as one would for any brain-injured patient, so that the person may reach their optimal physical, sensory, intellectual, psychological, and social functional level. Yet the identification and selection of patients for early neurological rehabilitation and routine evaluation of cognition is uncommon in neurosurgical wards.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, Scotland, UK

    Julia Day BSc (Hons), MScR & David C. Gillespie MA (Hons), ClinPsyD, PhD, MSc (Fam Therapy), CPsychol

  2. Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, EH10 5HF, Scotland, UK

    Alasdair G. Rooney MBChB, MD

  3. Brainstrust (the brain cancer people), Yvery Court, Castle Road, Cowes, Isle of Wight, PO31 7QG, UK

    Helen J. Bulbeck PhD

  4. Edinburgh Centre for Neuro-Oncology, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, Scotland, UK

    Karolis Zienius MBChB, BSc, Florien Boele PhD & Robin Grant MBChB, MD

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  1. Julia Day BSc (Hons), MScR
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  2. David C. Gillespie MA (Hons), ClinPsyD, PhD, MSc (Fam Therapy), CPsychol
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  3. Alasdair G. Rooney MBChB, MD
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Julia Day, David C. Gillespie, Alasdair G. Rooney, Helen J. Bulbeck, Karolis Zienius, Florien Boele, and Robin Grant declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Day, J., Gillespie, D.C., Rooney, A.G. et al. Neurocognitive Deficits and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation in Adult Brain Tumors. Curr Treat Options Neurol 18, 22 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11940-016-0406-5

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