Abstract
Laparoscopic radical cystectomy with urinary diversion, although challenging even for the skilled laparoscopist, has evolved rapidly throughout the past decade. These advances are attributable to a series of well-designed animal studies transitioned carefully to humans. Short-term data have shown that this is a feasible technique that respects the basic principles of surgical oncology. However, the possibility of decreased blood loss, improved visualization, shorter hospital stay, and less postoperative pain are balanced against technical difficulty, long operative times, and unproved long-term efficacy compared with the open gold standard. The goal of this review is to reflect the available literature with regard to surgical indications, the current technique in evolution, shortterm morbidity, and oncologic outcomes.
Similar content being viewed by others
References and Recommended Reading
Messing EM, Young TB, Hunt VB, et al.: Comparison of bladder cancer outcome in men undergoing hematuria home screening versus those with standard clinical presentations. Urology 1995, 45:387–396.
Jemal A, Tiwari RC, Murray T, et al.: Cancer statistics, 2004. CA Cancer J Clin 2004, 54:8–29.
Lerner SP, Skinner DG, Lieskovsky G, et al.: The rationale for en bloc pelvic lymph node dissection for bladder cancer patients with nodal metastases: long-term results. J Urol 1993, 149:758–764.
Ghoneim MA, El-Mekresh MM, El-Baz MA, et al.: Radical cystectomy for carcinoma of the bladder: critical evaluation of the results in 1026 cases. J Urol 1997, 158:393–399.
Knap MM, Lundbeck F, Overgaard J: The role of pelvic lymph node dissection as a predictive and prognostic factor in bladder cancer. Eur J Can 2003, 39:604–613.
Stein JP, Lieskovsky G, Cote R, et al.: Radical cystectomy in the treatment of invasive bladder cancer: long-term results in 1054 patients. J Clin Oncol 2001, 19:666–675.
Madersbacher S, Hochreiter W, Burkhard F, et al.: Radical cystectomy for bladder cancer today: a homogeneous series with neoadjuvant therapy. J Clin Oncol 2003, 21:690–696.
Herr H: Extent of surgery and pathology evaluation has an impact on bladder cancer outcomes after radical cystectomy. Urology 2003, 61:105–108.
Parra RO, Andrus CH, Jones JP, et al.: Laparoscopic cystectomy: initial report on a new treatment for the retained bladder. J Urol 1992, 148:1140–1144. This article, describing the first case of laparoscopic cystectomy, is of historical interest.
Parra RO, Andrus CH, Jones JP, et al.: Laparoscopic simple cystectomy in a man. Surg Laparosc Endosc 1995, 5:161–164.
Sanchez de Badajoz E, Gallego Perales JL, Reche Rosado A: Laparoscopic radical cystectomy and ileal conduit. Arch Esp Urol 1993, 46:621–624.
Puppo P, Perachino M, Ricciotti G, et al.: Laparoscopically assisted transvaginal radical cystectomy. Eur Urol 1995, 27:80–84.
Trinchieri A, Zanetti G, Montanari E, et al.: Experimental and clinical urinary diversion. Ann Urol 1995, 29:113–116.
Fergany AF, Gill IS, Kaouk JH, et al.: Laparoscopic intracorporeally constructed ileal conduit after porcine cystoprostatectomy. J Urol 2001, 166:285–288.
Kaouk JH, Gill IS, Desai MM, et al.: Laparoscopic orthotopic ileal neobladder. J Endourol 2001, 15:131–142.
Anderson KR, Fadden PT, Kerbl K, et al.: Laparoscopicassisted continent urinary diversion in the pig. J Urol 1995, 154:1934–1938.
Denewer A, Kotb S, Hussein O, et al.: Laparoscopic-assisted cystectomy and lymphadenectomy for bladder cancer: initial experience. World J Surg 1999, 6:608–611.
Tuerk I, Deger S, Winkelmann B, et al.: Laparoscopic radical cystectomy with continent urinary diversion (rectal sigmoid pouch) performed completely intracorporeally: the initial 5 cases. J Urol 2001, 165:1863–1866.
Gaboardi F, Simonato A, Galli S, et al.: Minimally invasive laparoscopic neobladder. J Urol 2002, 168:1080–1083.
Abdel-Hakim AM, Bassiouny F, Abdel Azim MS, et al.: Laparoscopic radical cystectomy with orthotopic neobladder. J Endourol 2002, 16:377–381.
Guazzoni G, Cestari A, Colombo R, et al.: Laparoscopic nerve- and seminal-sparing cystectomy with orthotopic ileal neobladder: the first three cases. Eur Urol 2003, 33:567–572.
Menon M, Hemal AK, Tewari A, et al.: Nerve-sparing robotassisted radical cystoprostatectomy and urinary diversion. BJU Int 2003, 92:232–236. One of the largest published series, this article also is of interest in detailing the robotic approach.
Gill IS, Kaouk JH, Meraney AM, et al.: Laparoscopic radical cystectomy and continent orthotopic ileal neobladder performed completely intracorporeally: the initial experience. J Urol 2002, 168:13–18. The authors of this initial report are to be commended for pushing the limits of technically feasible laparoscopic surgery. Excellent technical detail is provided.
Beecken WD, Wolfram M, Engl T, et al.: Robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical cystectomy and intra-abdominal formation of an orthotopic ileal neobladder. Eur Urol 2003, 44:337–339.
Pomel C, Castaigne D: Laparoscopic hand-assisted Miami Pouch following laparoscopic anterior pelvic exenteration. Gynecol Oncol 2000, 93:543–545.
Gill IS, Rackley RR, Meraney AM, et al.: Laparoscopic enterocystoplasty. Urology 2000, 55:178–181.
Basillote J, Abdeshehid C, Ahlering TA, et al.: Laparoscopicassisted radical cystectomy and ileal neobladder: a comparison with the open approach. J Urol 2004, 172:489–493.
Simonato A, Gregori A, Lissiani A, et al.: Laparoscopic radical cystoprostatectomy: a technique illustrated step by step. Eur Urol 2003, 44:132–138. A detailed and logical technical description, followed by an expansive comparative analysis of how each step differs among published reports.
Sorcini A, Tuerk I: Laparoscopic radical cystectomy with ileal urinary diversion. Urol Oncol 2004, 22:149–152.
Gupta NP, Gill IS, Fergany A, et al.: Laparoscopic radical cystectomy with intracorporeal ileal conduit diversion: five cases with a 2-year follow-up. BJU Int 2002, 90:391–396.
Yohannes P, Puri V, Yi B, et al.: Laparoscopy-assisted robotic radical cystoprostatectomy with ileal conduit urinary diversion for muscle-invasive bladder cancer: initial two cases. J Endourol 2003, 17:729–732.
Hemal AK, Singh I, Kumar R: Laparoscopic radical cystectomy and ileal conduit reconstruction: preliminary experience: J Endourol 2003, 17:911–916.
Taylor GD, Duchene DA, Koeneman KS: Hand-assisted laparoscopic cystectomy with minilaparotomy ileal conduit: series report and comparison with open cystectomy. J Urol 2004, 172:1291–1296. Exploring the morbidity of LRC or HALRC compared with the open approach will require more prospective comparisons such as this study.
Chiu W, Radhakrishnan V, Lin CH, et al.: Internal bladder retractor for laparoscopic cystectomy in the female patient. J Urol 2002, 168:1479–1481.
Hemal AK, Singh I: Hand-assisted laparoscopic radical cystectomy for cancer of the bladder. Int J Urol Nephrol 2004, 36:191–195.
Peterson AC, Lance RS, Ahuja S: Laparoscopic hand-assisted radical cystectomy with ileal conduit urinary diversion. J Urol 2002, 168:2103–2105.
Deger S, Peters R, Roigas J, et al.: Laparoscopic radical cystectomy with continent urinary diversion (rectosigmoid pouch) performed completely intracorporeally: an intermediate functional and oncological analysis. Urology 2004, 64:935–939.
Guillonneau B, Vallancien G: Laparoscopic radical prostatectomy: the Montsouris experience. J Urol 2000, 163:418–422.
Jacob F, Salomon L, Hoznek A, et al.: Laparoscopic radical prostatectomy: preliminary results. Eur Urol 2000, 37:615–620.
Grande M, Tucci GF, Adorisio O, et al.: Systemic acute-phase response after laparoscopic and open cholecystectomy. Surg Endosc 2002, 16:313–316.
Miyake H, Kawabata G, Gotoh A, et al.: Comparison of surgical stress between laparoscopy and open surgery in the field of urology by measurement of humoral mediators. Int J Urol 2002, 9:329–333.
Marcovich R, Williams AL, Seifman BD, et al.: A canine model to assess the biochemical stress response to laparoscopic and open surgery. J Endourol 2001, 15:1005–1008.
Wolf JS: Pathophysiologic effects of prolonged laparoscopic operation. Semin Surg Oncol 1996, 12:86–95.
Cookson MS, Chang SS, Wells N, et al.: Complications of radical cystectomy for nonmuscle invasive disease: comparison with muscle invasive disease. J Urol 2003, 169:101–104.
Anonymous: Abstracts of the 21st World Congress on Endourology and SWL 19th Basic Research Symposium. Montreal: September 21–24, 2003. J Endourol 2003, 17(suppl 1):A1–A375.
Herr HW, Faulkner JR, Grossman HB, et al.: Surgical factors influence bladder cancer outcomes: a Cooperative Group Report. J Clin Oncol 2004, 14:2781–2789.
Finelli A, Gill IS, Desai MM, et al.: Laparoscopic extended pelvic lymphadenectomy for bladder cancer: technique and initial outcomes. J Urol 2004, 172:1809–1812. Proving that LRC respects strict oncologic principles is paramount. Although the technique is not new, examination of nodal yields in this fashion provides much needed data.
Bochner BH, Herr HW, Reuter VE: Impact of separate versus en bloc pelvic lymph node dissection on the number of lymph nodes retrieved in cystectomy specimens. J Urol 2001, 166:2295–2296.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Canes, D., Triaca, V. & Tuerk, I. Laparoscopic radical cystectomy with continent urinary diversion. Curr Urol Rep 6, 109–117 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11934-005-0077-3
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11934-005-0077-3