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Understanding the Cryoglobulinemias

  • Vasculitis (L Espinoza, Section Editor)
  • Published:
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Abstract

Purpose of the Review

Cryoglobulins are immunoglobulins with the ability to precipitate at temperatures <37 °C. They are related to hematological disorders, infections [especially hepatitis C virus (HCV)], and autoimmune diseases. In this article, the state of the art on Cryoglobulinemic Vasculitis (CV), in a helpful and schematic way, with a special focus on HCV related Mixed Cryoglobulinemia treatment are reviewed.

Recent Findings

Direct – acting antivirals (DAA) against HCV have emerged as an important key in HCV treatment to related Cryoglobulinemic Vasculitis, and should be kept in mind as the initial treatment in non–severe manifestations. On the other hand, a recent consensus panel has published their recommendations for treatment in severe and life threatening manifestations of Mixed Cryoglobulinemias.

Summary

HCV-Cryoglobulinemic vasculitis is the most frequent form of CV. There are new treatment options in HCV-CV with DAA, with an important number of patients achieving complete response and sustained virologic response (SVR). In cases of severe forms of CV, treatment with Rituximab and PLEX are options. The lack of data on maintenance therapy could impulse future studies in this setting.

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  1. Departamento de Inmunología clínica y Reumatología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Diagonal Paraguay, #362, Santiago, Chile

    Alejandro Fuentes, Claudia Mardones & Paula I. Burgos

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  1. Alejandro Fuentes
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  2. Claudia Mardones
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Fuentes, A., Mardones, C. & Burgos, P.I. Understanding the Cryoglobulinemias. Curr Rheumatol Rep 21, 60 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11926-019-0859-0

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