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Cannabis and Cannabinoids for Chronic Pain

Current Rheumatology Reports volume 19, Article number: 67 (2017) Cite this article

Abstract

Purpose of Review

The purpose of this study was to provide the most up-to-date scientific evidence of the potential analgesic effects, or lack thereof, of the marijuana plant (cannabis) or cannabinoids, and of safety or tolerability of their long-term use.

Recent Findings

We found that inhaled (smoked or vaporized) cannabis is consistently effective in reducing chronic non-cancer pain. Oral cannabinoids seem to improve some aspects of chronic pain (sleep and general quality of life), or cancer chronic pain, but they do not seem effective in acute postoperative pain, abdominal chronic pain, or rheumatoid pain. The available literature shows that inhaled cannabis seems to be more tolerable and predictable than oral cannabinoids.

Summary

Cannabis or cannabinoids are not universally effective for pain. Continued research on cannabis constituents and improving bioavailability for oral cannabinoids is needed. Other aspects of pain management in patients using cannabis require further open discussion: concomitant opioid use, medical vs. recreational cannabis, abuse potential, etc.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Dr. Jack E. Fincham for his thorough review, critical comments, and editorial suggestions, and to Ms. Rachel Grosick for her careful review and editorial suggestions.

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Affiliations

  1. Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Mechanisms Laboratory, Anesthesiology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, 1 Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA

    E. Alfonso Romero-Sandoval & P. Abigail Alvarado-Vázquez

  2. Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, Presbyterian College School of Pharmacy, 307 N. Broad St, Clinton, SC, 29325, USA

    Ashley L. Kolano

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  1. E. Alfonso Romero-Sandoval
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Correspondence to E. Alfonso Romero-Sandoval.

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Romero-Sandoval, E.A., Kolano, A.L. & Alvarado-Vázquez, P.A. Cannabis and Cannabinoids for Chronic Pain. Curr Rheumatol Rep 19, 67 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11926-017-0693-1

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Keywords

  • Marijuana
  • Medicinal marijuana
  • Medical marijuana
  • Medicinal cannabis
  • Medical cannabis
  • Recreational marijuana
  • Recreational cannabis