Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Is There a Role for Diet in the Therapy of Rheumatoid Arthritis?

  • Complementary and Alternative Medicine (SL Kolasinski, Section Editor)
  • Published:
Current Rheumatology Reports Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) often inquire about dietary interventions to improve RA symptoms. Although the majority of studies of diet and RA were published prior to the start of the twenty-first century, this review discusses the evidence for a relationship between diet, in particular omega-3 fatty acid supplements, vitamin D supplements, alcohol, and the Mediterranean diet and RA disease activity. We review possible mechanisms by which these dietary intakes may affect RA disease activity. Given the complexity of studying the relationship between diet and RA disease activity, we highlight areas deserving further study before specific recommendations can be made to RA patients.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

References

Papers of particular interest, published recently, have been highlighted as: • Of importance •• Of major importance

  1. Bykerk VP, Shadick N, Frits M, et al. Flares in rheumatoid arthritis: frequency and management. A report from the BRASS registry. J Rheumatol. 2014;41(2):227–34.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Arthritis Foundation. Nutrition guidelines for people with rheumatoid arthritis. Accessed May 29, 2015 http://www.arthritis.org/living-with-arthritis/arthritis-diet/anti-inflammatory/rheumatoid-arthritis-diet.php.

  3. WebMD. Can your diet help ease rheumatoid arthritis? Accessed May 29, 2015 http://www.webmd.com/rheumatoid-arthritis/rheumatoid-arthritis-diet.

  4. Arthritis Foundation. Anti-inflammatory diet. Accessed May 29, 2015 http://www.arthritis.org/living-with-arthritis/arthritis-diet/anti-inflammatory/anti-inflammatory-diet.php.

  5. Smedslund G, Byfuglien MG, Olsen SU, et al. Effectiveness and safety of dietary interventions for rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. J Am Diet Assoc. 2010;110(5):727–35.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Hagen KB, Byfuglien MG, Falzon L, et al. Dietary interventions for rheumatoid arthritis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009;1:CD006400.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Stamp LK, James MJ, Cleland LG. Diet and rheumatoid arthritis: a review of the literature. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2005;35(2):77–94.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Dwyer JH, Allayee H, Dwyer KM, et al. Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase promoter genotype, dietary arachidonic acid, and atherosclerosis. N Engl J Med. 2004;350(1):29–37.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Norris PC, Dennis EA. Omega-3 fatty acids cause dramatic changes in TLR4 and purinergic eicosanoid signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012;109(22):8517–22.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  10. Whelan J. Antagonistic effects of dietary arachidonic acid and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. J Nutr. 1996;126(4 Suppl):1086S–91S.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Raper NR, Cronin FJ, Exler J. Omega-3 fatty acid content of the US food supply. J Am Coll Nutr. 1992;11(3):304–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Volker D, Fitzgerald P, Major G, et al. Efficacy of fish oil concentrate in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol. 2000;27(10):2343–6.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Tani S, Takahashi A, Nagao K, et al. Association of fish consumption-derived ratio of serum n-3 to n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and cardiovascular risk with the prevalence of coronary artery disease. Int Heart J. 2015;56(3):260–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Sakayori N, Kikkawa T, Tokuda H, et al. Maternal dietary imbalance between omega-6 and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids impairs neocortical development via epoxy metabolites. Stem Cells. 2015.

  15. Lee TH, Hoover RL, Williams JD, et al. Effect of dietary enrichment with eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids on in vitro neutrophil and monocyte leukotriene generation and neutrophil function. N Engl J Med. 1985;312(19):1217–24.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Camell C, Goldberg E, Dixit VD. Regulation of Nlrp3 inflammasome by dietary metabolites. Semin Immunol. 2015. This review article provides an overview of activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome via dietary metabolites including fatty acids, glucose, and ketone bodies

  17. Harrison P, Pointon JJ, Chapman K, et al. Interleukin-1 promoter region polymorphism role in rheumatoid arthritis: a meta-analysis of IL-1B-511A/G variant reveals association with rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2008;47(12):1768–70.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Gabay C, Lamacchia C, Palmer G. IL-1 pathways in inflammation and human diseases. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2010;6(4):232–41.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Choulaki C, Papadaki G, Repa A, et al. Enhanced activity of NLRP3 inflammasome in peripheral blood cells of patients with active rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther. 2015;17:257.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  20. L’Homme L, Esser N, Riva L, et al. Unsaturated fatty acids prevent activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in human monocytes/macrophages. J Lipid Res. 2013;54(11):2998–3008.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  21. Youm YH, Nguyen KY, Grant RW, et al. The ketone metabolite beta-hydroxybutyrate blocks NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated inflammatory disease. Nat Med. 2015.

  22. Kjeldsen-Kragh J, Haugen M, Borchgrevink CF, et al. Controlled trial of fasting and one-year vegetarian diet in rheumatoid arthritis. Lancet. 1991;338(8772):899–902.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Skoldstam L, Larsson L, Lindstrom FD. Effect of fasting and lactovegetarian diet on rheumatoid arthritis. Scand J Rheumatol. 1979;8(4):249–55.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Muller H, de Toledo FW, Resch KL. Fasting followed by vegetarian diet in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review. Scand J Rheumatol. 2001;30(1):1–10.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Ravussin E, Redman LM, Rochon J, et al. A 2-year randomized controlled trial of human caloric restriction: feasibility and effects on predictors of health span and longevity. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2015;70(9):1097–104.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Vandanmagsar B, Youm YH, Ravussin A, et al. The NLRP3 inflammasome instigates obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance. Nat Med. 2011;17(2):179–88.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  27. Thorburn AN, Macia L, Mackay CR. Diet, metabolites, and “western-lifestyle” inflammatory diseases. Immunity. 2014;40(6):833–42.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Trompette A, Gollwitzer ES, Yadava K, et al. Gut microbiota metabolism of dietary fiber influences allergic airway disease and hematopoiesis. Nat Med. 2014;20(2):159–66.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Vinolo MA, Rodrigues HG, Nachbar RT, et al. Regulation of inflammation by short chain fatty acids. Nutrients. 2011;3(10):858–76.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  30. Arpaia N, Campbell C, Fan X, et al. Metabolites produced by commensal bacteria promote peripheral regulatory T-cell generation. Nature. 2013;504(7480):451–5. This study demonstrated that in a murine model, commensal gut flora metabolized starch into short-chain fatty acids, which promoted regulatory T cell (Treg) differentiation.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  31. Maslowski KM, Vieira AT, Ng A, et al. Regulation of inflammatory responses by gut microbiota and chemoattractant receptor GPR43. Nature. 2009;461(7268):1282–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  32. Sweeney SE, Firestein GS. Rheumatoid arthritis: regulation of synovial inflammation. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2004;36(3):372–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Hughes DA, Pinder AC, Piper Z, et al. Fish oil supplementation inhibits the expression of major histocompatibility complex class II molecules and adhesion molecules on human monocytes. Am J Clin Nutr. 1996;63(2):267–72.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Dell’Agli M, Fagnani R, Mitro N, et al. Minor components of olive oil modulate proatherogenic adhesion molecules involved in endothelial activation. J Agric Food Chem. 2006;54(9):3259–64.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Carluccio MA, Siculella L, Ancora MA, et al. Olive oil and red wine antioxidant polyphenols inhibit endothelial activation: antiatherogenic properties of Mediterranean diet phytochemicals. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2003;23(4):622–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Khalfoun B, Thibault F, Watier H, et al. Docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acids inhibit in vitro human endothelial cell production of interleukin-6. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1997;400B:589–97.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Trebble T, Arden NK, Stroud MA, et al. Inhibition of tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin 6 production by mononuclear cells following dietary fish-oil supplementation in healthy men and response to antioxidant co-supplementation. Br J Nutr. 2003;90(2):405–12.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Babcock TA, Novak T, Ong E, et al. Modulation of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophage tumor necrosis factor-alpha production by omega-3 fatty acid is associated with differential cyclooxygenase-2 protein expression and is independent of interleukin-10. J Surg Res. 2002;107(1):135–9.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Novak TE, Babcock TA, Jho DH, et al. NF-kappa B inhibition by omega-3 fatty acids modulates LPS-stimulated macrophage TNF-alpha transcription. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2003;284(1):L84–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Lo CJ, Chiu KC, Fu M, et al. Fish oil decreases macrophage tumor necrosis factor gene transcription by altering the NF kappa B activity. J Surg Res. 1999;82(2):216–21.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Serhan CN, Chiang N, Dalli J. The resolution code of acute inflammation: novel pro-resolving lipid mediators in resolution. Semin Immunol. 2015;27(3):200–15. This review article describes the role of lipid mediators (specialized pro-resolving mediators) involved in the active process of inflammation resolution.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Colas RA, Shinohara M, Dalli J, et al. Identification and signature profiles for pro-resolving and inflammatory lipid mediators in human tissue. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2014;307(1):C39–54.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  43. Giera M, Ioan-Facsinay A, Toes R, et al. Lipid and lipid mediator profiling of human synovial fluid in rheumatoid arthritis patients by means of LC-MS/MS. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2012;1821(11):1415–24.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  44. Fito M, Cladellas M, de la Torre R, et al. Anti-inflammatory effect of virgin olive oil in stable coronary disease patients: a randomized, crossover, controlled trial. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2008;62(4):570–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Adam O, Beringer C, Kless T, et al. Anti-inflammatory effects of a low arachidonic acid diet and fish oil in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatol Int. 2003;23(1):27–36.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Berbert AA, Kondo CR, Almendra CL, et al. Supplementation of fish oil and olive oil in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Nutrition. 2005;21(2):131–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Proudman SM, James MJ, Spargo LD, et al. Fish oil in recent onset rheumatoid arthritis: a randomised, double-blind controlled trial within algorithm-based drug use. Ann Rheum Dis. 2015;74(1):89–95. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial evaluated the efficacy of high-dose versus low-dose fish oil supplements in preventing failure of triple DMARD therapy in early RA.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Kremer JM, Lawrence DA, Petrillo GF, et al. Effects of high-dose fish oil on rheumatoid arthritis after stopping nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. Clinical and immune correlates. Arthritis Rheum. 1995;38(8):1107–14.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Health.gov Dietary Guidelines. EPA and DHA content of fish species (Data from NDB SR 16-1) Accessed June 8, 2015 http://www.health.gov/dietaryguidelines/dga2005/report/HTML/table_g2_adda2.htm.

  50. Miles EA, Calder PC. Influence of marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on immune function and a systematic review of their effects on clinical outcomes in rheumatoid arthritis. Br J Nutr. 2012;107 Suppl 2:S171–84.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Proudman SM, Cleland LG, James MJ. Dietary omega-3 fats for treatment of inflammatory joint disease: efficacy and utility. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 2008;34(2):469–79.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Goldberg RJ, Katz J. A meta-analysis of the analgesic effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation for inflammatory joint pain. Pain. 2007;129(1-2):210–23.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Park Y, Lee A, Shim SC, et al. Effect of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a 16-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-design multicenter study in Korea. J Nutr Biochem. 2013;24(7):1367–72.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Jeffery LE, Raza K, Hewison M. Vitamin D in rheumatoid arthritis—towards clinical application. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2015. This review article discusses mechanisms through which vitamin D could potentially affect RA pathogenesis and severity.

  55. Heaney RP, Armas LA, French C. All-source basal vitamin D inputs are greater than previously thought and cutaneous inputs are smaller. J Nutr. 2013;143(5):571–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Holick MF. Sunlight and vitamin D for bone health and prevention of autoimmune diseases, cancers, and cardiovascular disease. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004;80(6 Suppl):1678S–88S.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Schmid A, Walther B. Natural vitamin D content in animal products. Adv Nutr. 2013;4(4):453–62.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  58. Jakobsen J, Maribo H, Bysted A, et al. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 affects vitamin D status similar to vitamin D3 in pigs—but the meat produced has a lower content of vitamin D. Br J Nutr. 2007;98(5):908–13.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Costenbader KH, Feskanich D, Holmes M, et al. Vitamin D intake and risks of systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis in women. Ann Rheum Dis. 2008;67(4):530–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  60. Merlino LA, Curtis J, Mikuls TR, et al. Vitamin D intake is inversely associated with rheumatoid arthritis: results from the Iowa Women’s Health Study. Arthritis Rheum. 2004;50(1):72–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Andjelkovic Z, Vojinovic J, Pejnovic N, et al. Disease modifying and immunomodulatory effects of high dose 1 alpha (OH) D3 in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 1999;17(4):453–6.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Salesi M, Farajzadegan Z. Efficacy of vitamin D in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis receiving methotrexate therapy. Rheumatol Int. 2012;32(7):2129–33. This is the only randomized, placebo-controlled trial of vitamin D supplementation in RA published as of January 2016, to our knowledge.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Rosen CJ. Clinical practice. Vitamin D insufficiency. N Engl J Med. 2011;364(3):248–54.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Imhof A, Froehlich M, Brenner H, et al. Effect of alcohol consumption on systemic markers of inflammation. Lancet. 2001;357(9258):763–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Sierksma A, Patel H, Ouchi N, et al. Effect of moderate alcohol consumption on adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and insulin sensitivity. Diabetes Care. 2004;27(1):184–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Brien SE, Ronksley PE, Turner BJ, et al. Effect of alcohol consumption on biological markers associated with risk of coronary heart disease: systematic review and meta-analysis of interventional studies. BMJ. 2011;342:d636.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  67. Maxwell JR, Gowers IR, Moore DJ, et al. Alcohol consumption is inversely associated with risk and severity of rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2010;49(11):2140–6.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Lu B, Rho YH, Cui J, et al. Associations of smoking and alcohol consumption with disease activity and functional status in rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol. 2014;41(1):24–30.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  69. Prevention CfDCa. Alcohol and public health. Accessed 4 Feb 2016 http://www.cdc.gov/alcohol/faqs.htm.

  70. Bergman S, Symeonidou S, Andersson ML, et al. Alcohol consumption is associated with lower self-reported disease activity and better health-related quality of life in female rheumatoid arthritis patients in Sweden: data from BARFOT, a multicenter study on early RA. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2013;14:218.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  71. Casas R, Sacanella E, Estruch R. The immune protective effect of the Mediterranean diet against chronic low-grade inflammatory diseases. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets. 2014;14(4):245–54.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  72. Fung TT, McCullough ML, Newby PK, et al. Diet-quality scores and plasma concentrations of markers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005;82(1):163–73.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Sanchez-Tainta A, Estruch R, Bullo M, et al. Adherence to a Mediterranean-type diet and reduced prevalence of clustered cardiovascular risk factors in a cohort of 3,204 high-risk patients. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 2008;15(5):589–93.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Athyros VG, Kakafika AI, Papageorgiou AA, et al. Effect of a plant stanol ester-containing spread, placebo spread, or Mediterranean diet on estimated cardiovascular risk and lipid, inflammatory and haemostatic factors. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2011;21(3):213–21.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Mena MP, Sacanella E, Vazquez-Agell M, et al. Inhibition of circulating immune cell activation: a molecular antiinflammatory effect of the Mediterranean diet. Am J Clin Nutr. 2009;89(1):248–56.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Bendinelli B, Masala G, Saieva C, et al. Fruit, vegetables, and olive oil and risk of coronary heart disease in Italian women: the EPICOR Study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2011;93(2):275–83.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Skoldstam L, Hagfors L, Johansson G. An experimental study of a Mediterranean diet intervention for patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2003;62(3):208–14.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  78. McKellar G, Morrison E, McEntegart A, et al. A pilot study of a Mediterranean-type diet intervention in female patients with rheumatoid arthritis living in areas of social deprivation in Glasgow. Ann Rheum Dis. 2007;66(9):1239–43.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  79. Willett WC. Nutritional epidemiology. 3 ed: Oxford University Press, 2012.

  80. Fung TT, Schulze M, Manson JE, et al. Dietary patterns, meat intake, and the risk of type 2 diabetes in women. Arch Intern Med. 2004;164(20):2235–40.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Lu B, Hu Y, Sparks JA, et al. Prospective study of dietary patterns and risk of rheumatoid arthritis in women. San Francisco, CA: American College of Rheumatology Annual Scientific Meeting; 2015.

    Google Scholar 

  82. Clinic C. How to ease your arthritis pain with simple food swaps. Accessed 2016 Feb 4 http://health.clevelandclinic.org/2014/07/simple-food-swaps-to-ease-arthritis-pain/.

  83. Report UNSW. Is the autoimmune paleo diet legit? Accessed 4 February 2016 http://health.usnews.com/health-news/health-wellness/articles/2015/01/16/is-the-autoimmune-paleo-diet-legit.

  84. Hafstrom I, Ringertz B, Spangberg A, et al. A vegan diet free of gluten improves the signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis: the effects on arthritis correlate with a reduction in antibodies to food antigens. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2001;40(10):1175–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Hatakka K, Martio J, Korpela M, et al. Effects of probiotic therapy on the activity and activation of mild rheumatoid arthritis—a pilot study. Scand J Rheumatol. 2003;32(4):211–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. Vaghef-Mehrabany E, Homayouni-Rad A, Alipour B, et al. Effects of probiotic supplementation on oxidative stress indices in women with rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized double-blind clinical trial. J Am Coll Nutr. 2015;1–9.

  87. Alipour B, Homayouni-Rad A, Vaghef-Mehrabany E, et al. Effects of Lactobacillus casei supplementation on disease activity and inflammatory cytokines in rheumatoid arthritis patients: a randomized double-blind clinical trial. Int J Rheum Dis. 2014;17(5):519–27.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. Nakamura H, Masuko K, Yudoh K, et al. Effects of glucosamine administration on patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatol Int. 2007;27(3):213–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. Jalili M, Kolahi S, Aref-Hosseini SR, et al. Beneficial role of antioxidants on clinical outcomes and erythrocyte antioxidant parameters in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Int J Prev Med. 2014;5(7):835–40.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  90. van Vugt RM, Rijken PJ, Rietveld AG, et al. Antioxidant intervention in rheumatoid arthritis: results of an open pilot study. Clin Rheumatol. 2008;27(6):771–5.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  91. Tanner SB, Callahan LF, Panush RS, et al. Dietary and allergic associations with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 1990;3(4):189–95.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Compliance with Ethical Standards

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Funding

KHC reports funding from the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS) of the National Institutes of Health for research on diet and risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis: NIH R01 AR049880, R01 AR059086, and R01 AR061362.

Human and Animal Rights and Informed Consent

This article does not contain studies performed by either of the authors with human or animal subjects.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 75 Francis Street, PBB-3, Boston, MA, 02115, USA

    Sara K. Tedeschi & Karen H. Costenbader

Authors
  1. Sara K. Tedeschi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Karen H. Costenbader
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sara K. Tedeschi.

Additional information

This article is part of the Topical Collection on Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Tedeschi, S.K., Costenbader, K.H. Is There a Role for Diet in the Therapy of Rheumatoid Arthritis?. Curr Rheumatol Rep 18, 23 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11926-016-0575-y

Download citation

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11926-016-0575-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation