Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Development of diagnostic criteria for psoriatic arthritis: Methods and process

  • Published:
Current Rheumatology Reports Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Psoriatic arthritis is an inflammatory arthritis associated with psoriasis but this simple definition obscures the difficulty in defining the condition for epidemiologic purposes. Since the original description by Moll and Wright, a number of other classification criteria have been published. None of these have been fully evaluated and only one has been developed using patient derived data. Methodologic problems in developing classification criteria—their purpose, utility, and accuracy—are discussed in relation to a new International collaboration, the International Multicentre Validation of Diagnostic Criteria for Psoriatic Arthritis (CASPAR).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References and Recommended Reading

  1. Farber EM: Historical commentary. Proceedings of the Third International Symposium. Edited by Farber EM, Cox AJ. New York: Grune and Stratton; 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Glickman FS: Lepra, psora, psoriasis. J Am Acad Dermatol 1986, 14:863–866.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Blumberg BS, Bunim JJ, Calkins E, et al.: ARA nomenclature and classification of arthritis and rheumatism (tentative). Arthritis Rheum 1964, 7:93–97.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Gladman DD, Shuckett R, Russell ML, et al.: Psoriatic arthritis-an analysis of 220 patients. Q J Med 1987, 238:127–141.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Biondi Oriente C, Scarpa R, Pucino A, Oriente P: Psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. Dermatological and rheumatological co-operative clinical report. Acta Derm Venereol Suppl (Stockh) 1989, 146:69–71.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Jones SM, Armas JB, Cohen MG, et al.: Psoriatic arthritis: outcome of disease subsets and relationship of joint disease to nail and skin disease. Br J Rheumatol 1994, 33:834–839.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. O’Neill T, Silman AJ: Psoriatic arthritis. Historical background and epidemiology. Baillieres Clin Rheumatol 1994, 8:245–261.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Mau W, Raspe HH, Mersjann H: Early arthritides: nosography, nosology, and diagnostic criteria. Scand J Rheumatol 1989, 79(Suppl):3–12.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Moll JMH, Wright V: Psoriatic arthritis. Semin Arthritis Rheum 1973, 3:55–78.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Helliwell PS, Taylor WJ: Classification and diagnostic criteria for psoriatic arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2004, In press. This paper reviews classification criteria for PsA within the historic context of the work of Moll and Wright [9] and critically evaluates subsequent criteria sets in addition to the individual clinical features of PsA.

  11. Bennett RM: Psoriatic arthritis. In Arthritis and Related Conditions, edn 9. Edited by McCarty DJ. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger; 1979:642–655.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Vasey F, Espinoza LR: Psoriatic arthropathy. In Spondyloarthropathies. Edited by Calin A. Orlando: Grune & Stratton; 1984:151–185.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Ball J, Lawrence JS: Epidemiology of the sheep cell agglutination test. Ann Rheum Dis 1961, 20:235–243.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Dougados M, van der Linden S, Juhlin R, et al.: The European Spondyloarthropathy Study Group preliminary criteria for the classification of spondyloarthropathy. Arthritis Rheum 1991, 34:1218–1227.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. McGonagle D, Conaghan PG, Emery P: Psoriatic arthritis. A unified concept twenty years on. Arthritis Rheum 1999, 42:1080–1086.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Fournie B, Crognier L, Arnaud C, et al.: Proposed classification criteria of psoriatic arthritis. A preliminary study in 260 patients. Rev Rhum Engl Ed 1999, 66:446–456. The only criteria set developed from patient derived data. Each criterion is awarded a score so that subjects achieving a score equal to or above a threshold meet the criteria for PsA. The inclusion of human leukocyte antigen status as a criterion makes the system impractical.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Marques CDL, Navaux F, Constantin A, et al.: Comparative study of 4 diagnosis criteria sets for psoriatic arthritis in early inflammatory rheumatisms. Ann Rheum Dis 2000, 59(Suppl 1):202.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Taylor WJ, Marchesoni A, Arreghini M, et al.: A comparison of the performance characteristics of classification criteria for the diagnosis of psoriatic arthritis. Sem Arthritis Rheum 2004, In press. A comparison of the performance characteristics of published criteria sets for PsA using data derived from case notes and radiologic review of 343 cases of PsA and 156 cases of RA.

  19. Agababova ER, Badokin VB, Erdes S, et al.: [The development and testing of diagnostic criteria in psoriatic arthritis]. Ter Arkh 1989, 61:117–121.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Felson DT, Anderson JJ: Methodological and statistical approaches to criteria development in rheumatic diseases. Baillieres Clin Rheumatol 1995, 9:253–266.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Tan EM, Cohen AS, Fries JF, et al.: The 1982 revised criteria for the classification of systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 1982, 25:1271–1277.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Arnett FC, Edworthy SM, Bloch DA, et al.: The American Rheumatism Association revised criteria for the classification of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 1988, 31:315–324.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Willkens RF, Arnett FC, Bitter T, et al.: Reiter’s syndrome. Evaluation of preliminary criteria for definite disease. Arthritis Rheum 1981, 24:844–849.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Altman R, Asch E, Bloch D, et al.: Development of criteria for the classification and reporting of osteoarthritis. Classification of osteoarthritis of the knee. Arthritis Rheum 1986, 29:1039–1049.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Formann AK, Kohlmann T: Latent class analysis in medical research. Stat Methods Med Res 1996, 5:179–211.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Young MA, Tanner MA, Meltzer HY: Operational definitions of schizophrenia: what do they identify? J Nervous Mental Dis 1982, 170:443–447.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Thomas E, Barrett JH, Donn RP, et al.: Subtyping of juvenile idiopathic arthritis using latent class analysis. Arthritis Rheum 2000, 43:1496–1503. This study looked at how 10 clinical and laboratory variables clustered together in 572 patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis, using the technique of LCA. It was shown that a seven-class model fitted the data, that this coincided to some extent with the ILAR classification of juvenile inflammatory arthritis, and that significant differences between the classes were seen for three human leukocyte antigen haplotypes.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Lachin JM: Introduction to sample size determination and power analysis for clinical trials. Control Clin Trials 1981, 2:93–113.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Breiman L, Friedman JH, Olshen RA, Stone JS: Classification and Regression Trees. Belmont: Wadsworth; 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Hilden J: Prevalence-free utility-respecting summary indices of diagnostic power do not exist. Stat Med 2000, 19:431–440. This paper showed how it is impossible to construct a single index of accuracy or performance in diagnostic tests, without additional information extrinsic to the test—that is, the prevalence of the condition and the consequences of the two types of diagnostic error (false-positive or false-negative).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Simel DL, Samsa GP, Matchar DB: Likelihood ratios with confidence: sample size estimation for diagnostic test studies. J Clin Epidemiol 1991, 44:763–770.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Biggerstaff BJ: Comparing diagnostic tests: a simple graphic using likelihood ratios. Stat Med 2000, 19:649–663. In this paper, a simple graphic means of presenting the two important faces of a diagnostic test: the implications of a positive test and the implications of a negative test. It provides a visual means of showing which tests are better in terms of confirming presence of disease, absence of disease, both, or neither.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Taylor, W.J., Helliwell, P.S. Development of diagnostic criteria for psoriatic arthritis: Methods and process. Curr Rheumatol Rep 6, 299–305 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11926-004-0042-z

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11926-004-0042-z

Keywords

Navigation