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Disorganized Communication and Social Dysfunction in Schizophrenia: Emerging Concepts and Methods

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Abstract

Purpose of Review

In this review, we embrace the emerging field of second-person neuroscience to address disorganization in schizophrenia. We argue that the focus of interest for disorganization is the interpersonal space where shared mental processes (‘social mind’) occur based on the bio-behavioural synchrony between two (or more) interacting people. We lay out several bio-behavioural measures that can capture the component parts of this process. In particular, we highlight the real-time imaging technology of hyperscanning that enables multi-person analysis of naturalistic social interaction. We illustrate how these measures can be used in empirical studies by posing disorganization as a problem of interpersonal processing.

Recent Findings

Traditionally, disorganized speech and behaviour have been studied as the product of hidden cognitive processes (‘private mind’). A dysfunction in these processes was attributed to the brain afflicted by the illness (‘brain-bound mechanisms’). But this approach has contributed to challenges in measuring and quantifying disorganization. Consequently, the single-brain focus has not provided satisfactory clarity or led to effective treatments for persistent social dysfunction in schizophrenia.

Summary

Social dysfunction is a core feature of schizophrenia. This dysfunction arises from disorganized interpersonal interaction that typifies the social profile of affected individuals. We outline challenges in employing several emerging concepts and methods and how they can be addressed to investigate the mechanisms of social dysfunction in schizophrenia.

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Acknowledgements

Special thanks to Farida Zaher and Kristin Davis for their assistance as we approached the completion of this work.

Funding

This work was funded by research support to Lena Palaniyappan (LP) from Monique H. Bourgeois Chair in Developmental Disorders, new investigator supplement from the Healthy Brain, Healthy Lives (HBHL) initiative at McGill University and a salary award from the Fonds de recherche du Quebec-Sante ́(FRQS). LP also acknowledges research support from Graham Boeckh Foundation (Douglas Research Centre, McGill University). Funding was also provided to Emmanuel Olarewaju by Healthy Brain, Healthy Lives (HBHL) Fellowship and Graduate Excellence Recruitment award from McGill University.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada

    Emmanuel Olarewaju & Lena Palaniyappan

  2. Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada

    Emmanuel Olarewaju

  3. Department of Psychiatry, CHU Sainte Justine Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada

    Guillaume Dumas

  4. Division of Social and Transcultural Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada

    Guillaume Dumas

  5. Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada

    Lena Palaniyappan

  6. Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Canada

    Lena Palaniyappan

Authors
  1. Emmanuel Olarewaju
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  2. Guillaume Dumas
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  3. Lena Palaniyappan
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Lena Palaniyappan.

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Olarewaju, E., Dumas, G. & Palaniyappan, L. Disorganized Communication and Social Dysfunction in Schizophrenia: Emerging Concepts and Methods. Curr Psychiatry Rep 25, 671–681 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-023-01462-4

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