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Sex Differences in Adolescent Anorexia and Bulimia Nervosa: Beyond the Signs and Symptoms

  • Sex and Gender Issues in Behavioral Health (CN Epperson and L Hantsoo, Section Editors)
  • Published:
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Abstract

Purpose of Review

We review research related to sex differences in eating disorders (EDs) in adolescents. Prior work has explored clinical differences; thus, we examine literature in areas identified as playing an etiological or maintenance role in EDs including: genetics, hormones, neurocognitive inefficiencies, and reward circuitry.

Recent Findings

Sex steroids appear to a play role in the unmasking of genetic risk for development of EDs and puberty may be a heightened period of risk for females. While neurocognitive differences have been well studied in adults with ED, research with adolescents has been less conclusive. Recent work suggests that neural circuitry involved in reward and punishment may play role in development and maintenance of EDs in females. Males are underrepresented in these areas of research.

Summary

Given known sex differences in healthy adolescents, it is likely there are sex differences in the putative biological etiology/maintenance of EDs. Males should be included in future research.

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Papers of particular interest, published recently, have been highlighted as: • Of importance •• Of major importance

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    C. Alix Timko

  2. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Robert’s Center for Pediatric Research, 2716 South Street, 8-212, Philadelphia, PA, 19146, USA

    C. Alix Timko & Levi DeFilipp

  3. Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, Cadore 48, 20900, Monza, Italy

    Antonios Dakanalis

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  1. C. Alix Timko
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  2. Levi DeFilipp
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Correspondence to C. Alix Timko.

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Levi DeFilipp and Antonios Dakanalis declare no conflict of interest. C. Alix Timko is supported by 5K12HD085848 (PI: N. Epperson).

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Timko, C., DeFilipp, L. & Dakanalis, A. Sex Differences in Adolescent Anorexia and Bulimia Nervosa: Beyond the Signs and Symptoms. Curr Psychiatry Rep 21, 1 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-019-0988-1

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