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Neuroimaging Findings in Patients with Medication Overuse Headache

  • Chronic Daily Headache (SJ Wang, Section Editor)
  • Published:
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Abstract

Medication overuse headache (MOH) is a secondary headache syndrome defined as the deterioration of the headache associated with the overuse of analgesics. The prevalence of MOH is 1–2% in the general population and even up to 50% in special clinics. Overuse of abortive medications is highly associated with chronic daily headaches and also a known risk factor for headache evolution. Possible mechanisms include neural plasticity changes such as sensitization and defective endogenous pain inhibition. Psychological studies have suggested dependence, even addiction, in patients with MOH. Neuroimaging studies have provided valuable information concerning MOH pathophysiology. Magnetic resonance imaging analyzed by voxel-based morphometry showed gray matter volume changes in brain areas participating the pain modulations. Changes of brain function at similar areas have been revealed by positron emission tomography and functional magnetic resonance imaging studies. Many of these changes were correlated with either headache and/or analgesics parameters such as frequency and duration. These changes are typically reversible after successful treatment. Though the cause or consequence debate remains unsettled, we are more in favor of these findings as maladaptive changes to the frequent headaches or medication overuse. Of these brain areas involved in MOH, orbitofrontal cortex is of interest in several ways. In an early positron emission tomography study, the hypometabolism persists after successful treatment which implied a causal role. The following morphological studies showed the orbitofrontal cortex volume could predict treatment responses. Functional magnetic resonance imaging studies, task positive and also resting-state ones, also reported changes within the mesocorticolimbic dopamine system, also known as reward system. Important brain areas of this system include ventral tegmental area, striatum, and orbitofrontal cortex. The system plays an important role in decision-making, dependence, and addiction, as implicated in psychological studies of MOH. Further studies on neuromodulation of this system may be considered in the treatment of MOH.

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Funding

This study was supported in part by grants from the Taipei Veterans General Hospital (V106C-106, VGHUST105-G7-1-1, V105C-127, V105D9-001-MY2-2, V105E9-001-MY2-1, VTA105-V1-1-1), Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan (MOST 106-2321-B-010-009-, MOST 10-2314-B-010-015-MY2, and MOST 103-2321-B-010-017-), Academia Sinica (Grant No. IBMS-BM10601010026, IBMS-CRC103-P04), Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taiwan (MOHW 103-TDU-B-211-113-003, MOHW 104-TDU-B-211-113-003, MOHW 105-TDU-B-211-113-003), National Yang-Ming University–Far Eastern Memorial Hospital Joint Research Program (NYMU-FEMH 105FN10, NYMU-FEMH 106DN10), Far Eastern Memorial Hospital (FEMH-2016-C-023, FEMH-2017-D-004), and a grant from the Ministry of Education, Aim for the Top University Plan.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan

    Tzu-Hsien Lai & Shuu-Jiun Wang

  2. Department of Neurology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan

    Tzu-Hsien Lai

  3. Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Taipei, Taiwan

    Shuu-Jiun Wang

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  1. Tzu-Hsien Lai
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Correspondence to Shuu-Jiun Wang.

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Conflict of Interest

Tzu-Hsien Lai declares no conflict of interest. Dr. Wang reports personal fees from Eli-Lilly, personal fees from Daiichi-Sankyo, personal fees from Pfizer, Taiwan, personal fees from Bayer, and personal fees from Eisai, all outside of the submitted work.

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This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.

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This article is part of the Topical Collection on Chronic Daily Headache

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Lai, TH., Wang, SJ. Neuroimaging Findings in Patients with Medication Overuse Headache. Curr Pain Headache Rep 22, 1 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11916-018-0661-0

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