Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Co-managed Care: The Gold Standard for Geriatric Fracture Care

  • Management of Osteoporotic Fractures (EG Meinberg, Section Editor)
  • Published:
Current Osteoporosis Reports Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

With a worldwide aging population, the incidence and consequences of geriatric fractures are assuming an increasing importance to health care providers and institutions. Studies have shown that optimal efficient management ensures the best outcome for the patient, at the least cost to the institution. A review of the recent literature was performed to establish the current best evidence ie, gold standard, for geriatric fracture care. Given the complexities of the subject, randomized controlled trials are difficult and confounded by the multiple medical issues of the population being studied. RCT’s are best suited to study individual questions, rather than systems of care. Hence, the importance of peer-reviewed models of care, as well as prospective population registries is established in defining what the gold standard of care should be for this vulnerable population.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

Papers of particular interest, published recently, have been highlighted as: • Of importance •• Of major importance

  1. Rockwood PR, Horne JG, Cryer C. Hip fractures: a future epidemic? J Orthop Trauma. 1990;4:388–93.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. The fracture epidemic. With 78 million baby boomers reaching 65, improved prevention is key to reducing the number of fracture in our aging population. Duke Medicine Healthnews. 2010;16:3–4.

    Google Scholar 

  3. •• Borrelli J. Taking Control: the osteoporosis epidemic. Injury. 2012;43:1235–6. Editorial highlighting the worldwide extent and toll of osteoporosis and prioritizing intervention opportunities for all physicians and surgeons to reduce fracture risk.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Older Americans 2010. Key indicators of well-being. older americans 2010. Key Indicators of Well-Being. 2012; Available at: www.agingstats.gov/agingstatsdotnet/Main_site/Data/2010_documents/Docs/OA_2010.pdf. Accessed 1 Aug 2012.

  5. Horiuchi S. Greater lifetime expectations. Nature. 2000;405:744–5.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Tuljapurkar S, Li N, Boe C. A universal pattern of mortality decline in the G7 countries. Nature. 2000;405:789–92.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Federal Interagency Forum on Aging-Related Statistics. Available at: http://www.agingstats.gov/agingstatsdotnet/Main_Site/Data/2010_Documents/Population.aspx. Accessed 1 Aug 2012.

  8. Johnell O, Kanis JA. An estimate of the worldwide prevalence and disability associated with osteoporotic fractures. Osteoporos Int. 2006;17:1726–33.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. • Kates SL, Mendelson DA, Friedman SM. The value of an organized fracture program for the elderly: early results. J Orthop Trauma. 2011;25:233–7. Demonstrates the financial benefit of a co-managed geriatric fracture care program.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Cutler DM, Ghosh K. The potential for cost savings through bundled episode payments. N Eng J Med. 2012;366:1075–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Beers M, Berkow R. Merck manual of geriatrics. 3rd ed. NJ: Merck; 2000.

  12. Kennie DC, Reid J, Richardson IR, Kiamari AA, Kelt C. Effectiveness of geriatric rehabilitative care after fractures of the proximal femur in elderly women: a randomised clinical trial. BMJ. 1988;297:1083–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Naglie G, Tansey C, Kirkland JL, Ogilvie-Harris DJ, Detsky AS, Etchells E, et al. Interdisciplinary inpatient care for elderly people with hip fracture: a randomized controlled trial. CMAJ. 2002;167:25–32.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Swanson CE, Day GA, Yelland CE, Broome JR, Massey L, Richardson HR, et al. The management of elderly patients with femoral fractures. A randomised controlled trial of early intervention versus standard care. Med J Aust. 1998;169:515–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Zuckerman JD, Sakales SR, Fabian DR, Frankel VH. Hip fractures in geriatric patients. Results of an interdisciplinary hospital care program. Clin Orthop. 1992;274:213–25.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Gilchrist WJ, Newman RJ, Hamblen DL, Williams BO. Prospective randomised study of an orthopaedic geriatric inpatient service. BMJ. 1988;297:1116–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Adunsky A, Lusky A, Arad M, Heruti RJ. A comparative study of rehabilitation outcomes of elderly hip fracture patients: the advantage of a comprehensive orthogeriatric approach. J Gerontol (A Biol Sci Med Sci). 2003;58:542–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. •• Kates SL, Mendelson DA, Friedman SM. Co-managed care for fragility hip fractures (Rochester model). Osteoporos Int. 2010;21 Suppl 4:S621–5. One of the seminal papers describing the clinical benefits of a co-managed geriatric fracture care program.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Duggan P. Time to abolish ‘gold standard’. BMJ. 1992;304:1568–9.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Shrier I. Cochrane reviews: new blocks on the kids. Br J Sports Med. 2003;37:473–4.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. PubMed. Available at: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/. Accessed June 1, 2012

  22. Cochrane Library. Available at: http://www.thecochranelibrary.com/view/0/index.html. Accessed June 1, 2012

  23. • Hughson J, Newman J, Pendleton RC. Hip fracture management for the hospital-based clinician: a review of the evidence and best practices. Hospital Pract. 2011;39:52–61. Summary of evidence based interventions addressing specific clinical management issues.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. White JJ, Khan WS, Smitham PJ. Perioperative implications of surgery in elderly patients with hip fractures: an evidence-based review. J Perioperative Pract. 2011;21:192–7.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Gormley KJ. Falls prevention and support: translating research, integrating services and promoting the contribution of service users for quality and innovative programmes of care. Int J Older People Nursing. 2011;6:307–14.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Wilson NM, Hilmer SN, March LM, Cameron ID, Lord SR, Seibel MJ, et al. Associations between drug burden index and falls in older people in residential aged care. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2011;59:875–80.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Deschodt M, Braes T, Flamaing J, Detroyer E, Broos P, Haentjens P, et al. Preventing delirium in older adults with recent hip fracture through multidisciplinary geriatric consultation. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2012;60:733–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Gonzalez Montalvo JI, Gotor Perez P, Martin Vega A, Alarcon Alarcon T, Alvarez de Linera JL, Gil Garay E, et al. The acute orthogeriatric unit. Assessment of its effect on the clinical course of patients with hip fractures and an estimate of its financial impact. Rev Esp Geriatria Gerontol. 2011;46:193–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. • Sletvold O, Helbostad JL, Thingstad P, Taraldsen K, Prestmo A, Lamb SE, et al. Effect of in-hospital comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) in older people with hip fracture. The protocol of the Trondheim Hip Fracture trial. BMC Geriatr. 2011;11:18. Randomized controlled trial outline and proposal of study in progress.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Romeo R, Knapp M, Banerjee S, Morris J, Baldwin R, Tarrier N, et al. Treatment and prevention of depression after surgery for hip fracture in older people: cost-effectiveness analysis. J Affect Disord. 2011;128:211–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Godlee F. Publishing trial protocols: making them visible will improve registration, reporting and recruitment. BMC News and Views. 2001;2:4.

  32. Pioli G, Frondini C, Lauretani F, Davoli ML, Pellicciotti F, Martini E, et al. Time to surgery and rehabilitation resources affect outcomes in orthogeriatric units. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2012;55:316–22.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Folbert E, Smit R, van der Velde D, Regtuijt M, Klaren H, Hegeman JH. Multidisciplinary integrated care pathway for elderly patients with hip fractures: implementation results from Centre for Geriatric Traumatology, Almelo, The Netherlands. Ned tijdschr geneeskd. 2011;155:A3197.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Mazzola P, De Filippi F, Castoldi G, Galetti P, Zatti G, Annoni G. A comparison between two co-managed geriatric programmes for hip fractured elderly patients. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2011;23:431–6.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Siddiqi N, Stockdale R, Britton AM, Holmes J. Interventions for preventing delirium in hospitalised patients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007;2:CD005563.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Anderson O, Boshier PR, Hanna GB. Interventions designed to prevent healthcare bed-related injuries in patients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;1:CD008931.

  37. Mohler R, Richter T, Kopke S, Meyer G. Interventions for preventing and reducing the use of physical restraints in long-term geriatric care. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011;2:CD007546.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Ellis G, Whitehead MA, O’Neill D, Langhorne P, Robinson D. Comprehensive geriatric assessment for older adults admitted to hospital. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011;7:CD006211.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Handoll HH, Cameron ID, Mak JC, Finnegan TP. Multidisciplinary rehabilitation for older people with hip fractures. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009;4:CD007125.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Friedman SM, Mendelson DA, Kates SL, McCann RM. Geriatric co-management of proximal femur fractures: total quality management and protocol-driven care result in better outcomes for a frail patient population. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2008;56:1349–56.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Friedman SM, Mendelson DA, Bingham KW, Kates SL. Impact of a comanaged geriatric fracture center on short-term hip fracture outcomes. Arch Intern Med. 2009;169:1712–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Shyu YI, Liang J, Wu CC, Su JY, Cheng HS, Chou SW, et al. A pilot investigation of the short-term effects of an interdisciplinary intervention program on elderly patients with hip fracture in Taiwan. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2005;53:811–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Shyu YI, Liang J, Wu CC, Su JY, Cheng HS, Chou SW, et al. Interdisciplinary intervention for hip fracture in older Taiwanese: benefits last for 1 year. J Gerontol Ser A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2008;63:92–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Khasraghi FA, Christmas C, Lee EJ, Mears SC, Wenz JF, Sr. Effectiveness of a multidisciplinary team approach to hip fracture management. J Surg Orthopaed Adv. 2005;14:27–31.

    Google Scholar 

  45. Vidan M, Serra JA, Moreno C, Riquelme G, Ortiz J. Efficacy of a comprehensive geriatric intervention in older patients hospitalized for hip fracture: a randomized, controlled trial. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2005;53:1476–82.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Hung WW, Egol KA, Zuckerman JD, Siu AL. Hip fracture management: tailoring care for the older patient. JAMA. 2012;307:2185–94.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Louden K. Hip fracture studies lead to better care, understanding. 2009; Available at: http://www.aaos.org/news/aaosnow/jun09/research1.asp. Accessed 1 Aug 2012.

  48. Bell JE, Leung BC, Spratt KF, Koval KJ, Weinstein JD, Goodman DC, et al. Trends and variation in incidence, surgical treatment, and repeat surgery of proximal humeral fractures in the elderly. J Bone Joint Surg. 2011;93:121–31.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Schoenfeld AJ, Bono CM, Reichmann WM, Warholic N, Wood KB, Losina E, et al. Type II odontoid fractures of the cervical spine: do treatment type and medical comorbidities affect mortality in elderly patients? Spine. 2011;36:879–85.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Disclosure

N.T. O’Malley has reported no potential conflicts of interest relevant to this article; S.L. Kates has disclosed receiving compensation as a consultant from Intramed Education and Surgical Excellence; as a journal Editor for Sage Publications; grants/grants pending for NIH, OREF, AOTrauma, and AHRQ; as a lecturer for Medimmune; for the development of educational presentations for Intramed; and travel for Medimmune.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Stephen L. Kates.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

O’Malley, N.T., Kates, S.L. Co-managed Care: The Gold Standard for Geriatric Fracture Care. Curr Osteoporos Rep 10, 312–316 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11914-012-0123-2

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11914-012-0123-2

Keywords

Navigation