This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
References
Moore DJ, West AB, Dawson VL, Dawson TM: Molecular pathophysiology of Parkinson’s disease. Annu Rev Neurosci 2005, 28:57–87.
Zimprich A, Biskup S, Leitner P, et al.: Mutations in LRRK2 cause autosomal-dominant Parkinsonism with pleomorphic pathology. Neuron 2004, 44:601–607.
Paisan-Ruiz C, Jain S, Evans EW, et al.: Cloning of the gene containing mutations that cause PARK8-linked Parkinson’s disease. Neuron 2004, 44:595–600.
Bosgraaf L, Van Haastert PJ: Roc, a Ras/GTPase domain in complex proteins. Biochim Biophys Acta 2003, 1643:5–10.
Mata IF, Kachergus JM, Taylor JP, et al.: Lrrk2 pathogenic substitutions in Parkinson’s disease. Neurogenetics 2005, 6:171–177.
Berg D, Schweitzer K, Leitner P, et al.: Type and frequency of mutations in the LRRK2 gene in familial and sporadic Parkinson’s disease. Brain 2005, 128:3000–3011.
Khan NL, Jain S, Lynch JM, et al.: Mutations in the gene LRRK2 encoding dardarin (PARK8) cause familial Parkinson’s disease: clinical, pathological, olfactory and functional imaging and genetic data. Brain 2005, 128:2786–2796.
Di Fonzo A, Tassorelli C, De Mari M, et al.: Comprehensive analysis of the LRRK2 gene in sixty families with Parkinson’s disease. Eur J Hum Genet 2006, 14:322–331.
Lesage S, Durr A, Tazir M, et al.: LRRK2 G2019S as a cause of Parkinson’s disease in North African Arabs. N Engl J Med 2006, 354:422–423.
Ozelius LJ, Senthil G, Saunders-Pullman R, et al.: LRRK2 G2019S as a cause of Parkinson’s disease in Ashkenazi Jews. N Engl J Med 2006, 354:424–425.
Bras JM, Guerreiro RJ, Ribeiro MH, et al.: G2019S dardarin substitution is a common cause of Parkinson’s disease in a Portuguese cohort. Mov Disord 2005, 20:1653–1655.
Gaig C, Ezquerra M, Marti MJ, et al.: LRRK2 mutations in Spanish patients with Parkinson disease: frequency, clinical features, and incomplete penetrance. Arch Neurol 2006, 63:377–382.
Goldwurm S, Di Fonzo A, Simons EJ, et al.: The G6055A (G2019S) mutation in LRRK2 is frequent in both early and late onset Parkinson’s disease and originates from a common ancestor. J Med Genet 2005, 42:e65.
Funayama M, Hasegawa K, Kowa H, et al.: A new locus for Parkinson’s disease (PARK8) maps to chromosome 12p11.2-q13.1. Ann Neurol 2002, 51:296–301.
Wszolek ZK, Vieregge P, Uitti RJ, et al.: German-Canadian family (Family A) with parkinsonism, amyotrophy, and dementia—longitudinal observations. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 1997, 3:125–139.
Wszolek ZK, Pfeiffer RF, Tsuboi Y, et al.: Autosomal dominant parkinsonism associated with variable synuclein and tau pathology. Neurology 2004, 62:1619–1622.
Gilks WP, Abou-Sleiman PM, Gandhi S, et al.: A common LRRK2 mutation in idiopathic Parkinson’s disease. Lancet 2005, 365:415–416.
Ross OA, Toft M, Whittle AJ, et al.: Lrrk2 and Lewy body disease. Ann Neurol 2006, 59:388–393.
Giasson BI, Covy JP, Bonini NM, et al.: Biochemical and pathological characterization of Lrrk2. Ann Neurol 2006, 59:315–322.
Greggio E, Jain S, Kingsbury A, et al.: Kinase activity is required for the toxic effects of mutant LRRK2/dardarin. Neurobiol Dis 2006, In press.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bonifati, V. The pleomorphic pathology of inherited parkinson’s disease: Lessons from LRRK2 . Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 6, 355–357 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11910-996-0013-z
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11910-996-0013-z