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Gut-Brain Communication in Parkinson’s Disease: Enteroendocrine Regulation by GLP-1

  • Movement Disorders (T. Simuni, Section Editor)
  • Published:
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Abstract

Purpose of Review

Defective gut-brain communication has recently been proposed as a promoter of neurodegeneration, but mechanisms mediating communication remain elusive. In particular, the Parkinson’s disease (PD) phenotype has been associated with both dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota and neuroinflammation. Here, we review recent advances in the PD field that connect these two concepts, providing an explanation based on enteroendocrine signaling from the gut to the brain.

Recent Findings

There have been several recent accounts highlighting the importance of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in PD. The objective of this review is to discuss the role of the neuroendocrine system in gut-brain communication as it relates to PD pathogenesis, as this system has not been comprehensively considered in prior reviews. The incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is secreted by enteroendocrine cells of the intestinal epithelium, and there is evidence that it is neuroprotective in animal models and human subjects with PD. Agonists of GLP-1 receptors used in diabetes appear to be useful for preventing neurodegeneration. New tools and models have enabled us to study regulation of GLP-1 secretion by intestinal microbiota, to understand how this process may be defective in PD, and to develop methods for therapeutically modifying disease development or progression using the enteroendocrine system.

Summary

GLP-1 secretion by enteroendocrine cells may be a key mediator of neuroprotection in PD, and new findings in this field may offer unique insights into PD pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Mr. and Mrs. Larry Field, Mr. and Mrs. Glass, Mr. Keehn, Mr. B. Wu, Mr. Eric Larson, and the Alvin Baum Family fund for their philanthropic funding.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA

    Richard A. Manfready, Christopher B. Forsyth, Robin M. Voigt & Ali Keshavarzian

  2. Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, 1725 W. Harrison Street Suite 207, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA

    Christopher B. Forsyth, Robin M. Voigt & Ali Keshavarzian

  3. Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA

    Deborah A. Hall & Christopher G. Goetz

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  1. Richard A. Manfready
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Manfready, R.A., Forsyth, C.B., Voigt, R.M. et al. Gut-Brain Communication in Parkinson’s Disease: Enteroendocrine Regulation by GLP-1. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 22, 335–342 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11910-022-01196-5

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