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Advances in the Treatment of Thyroid Eye Disease Associated Extraocular Muscle Myopathy and Optic Neuropathy

  • Neuro-Ophthalmology (H. Moss, Section Editor)
  • Published:
Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose of Review

To review emerging treatments for thyroid eye disease (TED) associated extraocular muscle myopathy and dysthyroid optic neuropathy (DON).

Recent Findings

Emerging targeted biologic therapies may alter the disease course in TED. Teprotumumab, a type I insulin-like growth factor receptor inhibitor, is the most recent addition to the treatments available for TED-associated extraocular muscle myopathy causing diplopia. Small studies also suggest a potential therapeutic benefit for DON. Various recent studies have also expanded our knowledge on conventional TED therapies.

Summary

The therapeutic landscape of TED and its sequelae has evolved in recent years. New targeted therapies have the potential to reduce the extraocular muscle and orbital volume expansion which can lead to diplopia and vision loss from optic nerve compression. Longer term efficacy and durability data is needed to determine the role biologics, such as teprotumumab, should play in the treatment of TED patients compared to the current standard of care.

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Data Availability

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References

Papers of particular interest, published recently, have been highlighted as: • Of importance •• Of major importance

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Funding

NIH P30 026877, Unrestricted Grant from Research to Prevent Blindness.

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  1. Tracy J. Lu and Linus Amarikwa contributed equally to this work.

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  1. Department of Ophthalmology, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 2452 Watson Court, Palo Alto, CA, 94303, USA

    Tracy J. Lu, Linus Amarikwa, Connie M. Sears & Andrea L. Kossler

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Contributions

All authors contributed to the conception and writing of this manuscript. The literature review was completed by Tracy J. Lu, Linus Amarikwa, and Connie M. Sears. The first draft was written by Connie M. Sears, Tracy J. Lu, and Andrea Kossler; major edits were made to diplopia-related and dysthyroid optic neuropathy-related sections by Tracy Lu and Linus Amarikwa, respectively. Formatting of the paper was done by Linus Amarikwa. The analysis and findings in this work were supervised and edited by Andrea Kossler. All authors reviewed and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Andrea L. Kossler.

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Dr. Andrea Kossler is a consultant for Horizon Therapeutics and Immunovant Inc.

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Lu, T.J., Amarikwa, L., Sears, C.M. et al. Advances in the Treatment of Thyroid Eye Disease Associated Extraocular Muscle Myopathy and Optic Neuropathy. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 22, 313–325 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11910-022-01194-7

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