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The More, the Better: High-Dose Omega-3 Fatty Acids Improve Behavioural and Molecular Outcomes in Preclinical Models in Mild Brain Injury

  • Neurotrauma (D. Sandsmark, Section Editor)
  • Published:
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Abstract

Purpose of Review

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is a continuing healthcare concern worldwide contributing to significant cognitive and neurological impairment, consequently affecting activities of daily living. While mTBI recovery is becoming well studied, there are no interventions to reduce the known impairments of mTBI. Omega-3 fatty acids (N-3FA) are safe and beneficial for brain health; however, their potential effects in a pathophysiological environment such as that seen post-mTBI are unknown.

Recent Findings

Preclinical studies using rodent models are key to understanding molecular mechanisms underlying improvements post-injury. Studies to date have shown improved outcomes in rodent models following mTBI protocols, but these data have not been quantified using a systematic review and meta-analysis approach.

Summary

Our systematic review assessed 291 studies identified from the literature. Of these studies, 18 studies met inclusion criteria. We conducted a meta-analysis examining the effect of high-dose n-3FA vs placebo on neurological, cognitive and molecular changes following mTBI. Quality of studies was rated as moderate to high quality, and while mostly compliant, some areas of risk of bias were identified. Results showed that preclinical doses of 10–370 mg/kg/day of n-3FA per day in rodents (equivalent to high clinical doses) resulted in improvements in neurological and cognitive performance (pooled effect sizes ranging between 1.52 and 3.55). Similarly, improvements in molecular and inflammatory markers were observed in treated rodents vs control (pooled effect sizes: 3.73–6.55). Overall, these findings highlight the potential for high-dose n-3FA for human clinical studies following mTBI.

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Data Availability

Data is available upon reasonable request.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia

    Craig S. Patch & Alan J. Pearce

  2. School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia

    Elisa L. Hill-Yardin

  3. Brain Health Education and Research Institute, Potomac, MD, USA

    Michael Lewis

  4. School of Science and Computing, Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology, Dublin, Ireland

    Lisa Ryan & Ed Daly

Authors
  1. Craig S. Patch
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  2. Elisa L. Hill-Yardin
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  3. Michael Lewis
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  4. Lisa Ryan
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  5. Ed Daly
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  6. Alan J. Pearce
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Contributions

CSP, EYH and AJP conceived the study. AJP completed the data analysis. CSP, EYH and AJP contributed to the writing of the manuscript. All authors contributed to the review and editorial suggestions for the writing of the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Alan J. Pearce.

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Ethics Approval

No ethics approval was required to undertake this systematic review.

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Conflict of Interest

AJP currently receives partial research salary funding from Sports Health Check charity (Australia) and Erasmus+ strategic partnerships program (2019-1-IE01-KA202-051555). AJP has previously received partial research funding from the Australian Football League, Impact Technologies Inc., and Samsung Corporation, and has provided expert reports in concussion legal proceedings. CSP is Director of Feedback Nutrition Pty Ltd which sells and markets a DHA supplement is a shareholder and Non-Executive Director of Sea Dragon Ltd which sells and markets DHA tuna oil ingredients for the food and infant formula market. ML is a medical advisor to Nordic Naturals, Inc. No other author has any declaration of interest.

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This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.

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Patch, C.S., Hill-Yardin, E.L., Lewis, M. et al. The More, the Better: High-Dose Omega-3 Fatty Acids Improve Behavioural and Molecular Outcomes in Preclinical Models in Mild Brain Injury. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 21, 45 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11910-021-01132-z

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