Skip to main content

What is Essential Tremor?

Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports volume 13, Article number: 353 (2013) Cite this article

Abstract

Classic essential tremor is a clinical syndrome of action tremor in the upper limbs (at least 95 % of patients) and less commonly the head, face/jaw, voice, tongue, trunk, and lower limbs, in the absence of other neurologic signs. However, the longstanding notion that essential tremor is a monosymptomatic tremor disorder is being challenged by a growing literature describing associated disturbances of tandem walking, personality, mood, hearing, and cognition. There is also epidemiologic, pathologic, and genetic evidence that essential tremor is pathophysiologically heterogeneous. Misdiagnosis of essential tremor is common because clinicians frequently overlook other neurologic signs and because action tremor in the hands is caused by many conditions, including dystonia, Parkinson disease, and drug-induced tremor. Thus, essential tremor is nothing more than a syndrome of idiopathic tremulousness, and the challenge for researchers and clinicians is to find specific etiologies of this syndrome.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.

Access options

Buy single article

Instant access to the full article PDF.

USD 39.95

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

References

Papers of particular interest, published recently, have been highlighted as: • Of importance •• Of major importance

  1. Louis ED, Broussolle E, Goetz CG, Krack P, Kaufmann P, Mazzoni P. Historical underpinnings of the term essential tremor in the late 19th century. Neurology. 2008;71:856–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. • Critchley M. Observations on essential (heredofamial) tremor. Brain. 1949;72:113–39. This is a classic historical review of essential tremor.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Benito-León J, Louis ED, Bermejo-Pareja F. Elderly-onset essential tremor is associated with dementia. Neurology. 2006;66:1500–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Benito-León J, Louis ED, Bermejo-Pareja F. Risk of incident Parkinson's disease and parkinsonism in essential tremor: a population based study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2009;80:423–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Louis ED, Benito-Leon J, Ottman R, Bermejo-Pareja F. A population-based study of mortality in essential tremor. Neurology. 2007;69:1982–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Louis ED, Faust PL, Vonsattel JP, et al. Older onset essential tremor: more rapid progression and more degenerative pathology. Mov Disord. 2009;24:1606–12.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. • Deuschl G, Elble R. Essential tremor - neurodegenerative or nondegenerative disease towards a working definition of ET. Mov Disord. 2009;24:2033–41. This is a recent review of the pathophysiogy of essential tremor.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Marsden CD, Obeso JA, Rothwell JC. Benign essential tremor is not a single entity. In: Yahr MD, editor. Current concepts of parkinson's disease and related disorders. Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica; 1983. p. 31–46.

    Google Scholar 

  9. • Elble RJ, Deuschl G. Tremor. In: Brown WF, Bolton CF, Aminoff M, editors. Neuromuscular function and disease: basic, clinical, and electrodiagnostic aspects. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Co; 2002. p. 1759–79. This is a review of the clinical neurophysiology of tremor.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Elble RJ. Physiologic and essential tremor. Neurology. 1986;36:225–31.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Benito-León J, Bermejo-Pareja F, Louis ED. Incidence of essential tremor in 3 elderly populations of central Spain. Neurology. 2005;64:1721–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Dogu O, Louis ED, Sevim S, Kaleagasi H, Aral M. Clinical characteristics of essential tremor in Mersin, Turkey–a population-based door-to-door study. J Neurol. 2005;252:570–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Lorenz D, Poremba C, Papengut F, Schreiber S, Deuschl G. The psychosocial burden of essential tremor in an outpatient- and a community-based cohort. Eur J Neurol. 2011;18:972–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. •• Quinn NP, Schneider SA, Schwingenschuh P, Bhatia KP. Tremor-some controversial aspects. Mov Disord. 2011;26:18–23. The authors summarize many of the uncertainties and controversies regarding the etiology and pathophysiology of essential tremor.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Lee MS, Kim YD, Im JH, Kim HJ, Rinne JO, Bhatia KP. 123I-IPT brain SPECT study in essential tremor and Parkinson's disease. Neurology. 1999;52:1422–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Pellecchia MT, Varrone A, Annesi G, et al. Parkinsonism and essential tremor in a family with pseudo-dominant inheritance of PARK2. An FP-CIT SPECT study. Mov Disord. 2007;22:559–63.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Rivest J, Marsden CD. Trunk and head tremor as isolated manifestations of dystonia. Mov Disord. 1990;5:60–5.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Schiebler S, Schmidt A, Zittel S, et al. Arm tremor in cervical dystonia-is it a manifestation of dystonia or essential tremor? Mov Disord. 2011;26:1789–92.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Yanagisawa N, Goto A, Narabayashi H. Familial dystonia musculorum deformans and tremor. J Neurol Sci. 1972;16:125–36.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Elble RJ. Defining dystonic tremor. Curr Neuropharmacol. 2013;11:in press.

  21. • Bain PG, Findley LJ, Thompson PD, et al. A study of hereditary essential tremor. Brain. 1994;117:805–24. This paper provides a thorough description of essential tremor in 21 families.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Louis ED, Hernandez N, Alcalay RN, Tirri DJ, Ottman R, Clark LN. Prevalence and features of unreported dystonia in a family study of "pure" essential tremor. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2012;[Epub ahead of print].

  23. Shatunov A, Sambuughin N, Jankovic J, et al. Genomewide scans in North American families reveal genetic linkage of essential tremor to a region on chromosome 6p23. Brain. 2006;129:2318–31.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Chouinard S, Louis ED, Fahn S. Agreement among movement disorder specialists on the clinical diagnosis of essential tremor. Mov Disord. 1997;12:973–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Poston KL, Rios E, Louis ED. Action tremor of the legs in essential tremor: prevalence, clinical correlates, and comparison with age-matched controls. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2009;15:602–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Hsu YD, Chang MK, Sung SC, Hsein HH, Deng JC. Essential tremor: clinical, electromyographical, and pharmacological studies in 146 Chinese patients. Chung Hua I Hsueh Tsa Chih. 1990;45:93–9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Whaley NR, Putzke JD, Baba Y, Wszolek ZK, Uitti RJ. Essential tremor: phenotypic expression in a clinical cohort. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2007;13:333–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Louis ED, Ford B, Wendt KJ, Cameron G. Clinical characteristics of essential tremor: data from a community- based study. Mov Disord. 1998;13:803–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Elble RJ. Characteristics of physiologic tremor in young and elderly adults. Clin Neurophysiol. 2003;114:624–35.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Elble RJ, Higgins C, Elble S. Electrophysiologic transition from physiologic tremor to essential tremor. Mov Disord. 2005;20:1038–42.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Louis ED, Ford B, Bismuth B. Reliability between two observers using a protocol for diagnosing essential tremor. Mov Disord. 1998;13:287–93.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Lorenz D, Papengut F, Frederiksen H, et al. Evaluation of a screening instrument for essential tremor. Mov Disord. 2008;23:1006–12.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Louis ED, Pullman SL. Comparison of clinical vs electrophysiological methods of diagnosing of essential tremor. Mov Disord. 2001;16:668–73.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. •• Deuschl G, Bain P, Brin M. Consensus statement of the Movement Disorder Society on Tremor. Ad Hoc Scientific Committee. Mov Disord. 1998;13:2–23. This paper summarizes the TRIG and MDS criteria for essential tremor.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Gerasimou G, Costa DC, Papanastasiou E, et al. SPECT study with I-123-Ioflupane (DaTSCAN) in patients with essential tremor. Is there any correlation with Parkinson's disease? Ann Nucl Med. 2012;26:337–44.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Schwingenschuh P, Ruge D, Edwards MJ, et al. Distinguishing SWEDDs patients with asymmetric resting tremor from Parkinson's disease: a clinical and electrophysiological study. Mov Disord. 2010;25:560–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Kagi G, Bhatia KP, Tolosa E. The role of DAT-SPECT in movement disorders. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2010;81:5–12.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Jain S, Lo SE, Louis ED. Common misdiagnosis of a common neurological disorder: how are we misdiagnosing essential tremor? Arch Neurol. 2006;63:1100–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Schrag A, Münchau A, Bhatia KP, Quinn NP, Marsden CD. Essential tremor: an overdiagnosed condition? J Neurol. 2000;247:955–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Mostile G, Jankovic J. Alcohol in essential tremor and other movement disorders. Mov Disord. 2010;25:2274–84.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Rajput AH, Jamieson H, Hirsh S, Quraishi A. Relative efficacy of alcohol and propranolol in action tremor. Can J Neurol Sci. 1975;2:31–5.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Louis ED, Dogu O. Isolated head tremor: part of the clinical spectrum of essential tremor? data from population-based and clinic-based case samples. Mov Disord. 2009;24:2281–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Louis ED, Ferreira JJ. How common is the most common adult movement disorder? update on the worldwide prevalence of essential tremor. Mov Disord. 2010;25:534–41.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Wolraich D, Vasile Marchis-Crisan C, Redding N, Khella SL, Mirza N. Laryngeal tremor: co-occurrence with other movement disorders. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec. 2010;72:291–4.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Silverdale MA, Schneider SA, Bhatia KP, Lang AE. The spectrum of orolingual tremor—a proposed classification system. Mov Disord. 2008;23:159–67.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Bain P, Brin M, Deuschl G, et al. Criteria for the diagnosis of essential tremor. Neurology. 2000;54:S7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Louis ED. Essential tremor as a neuropsychiatric disorder. J Neurol Sci. 2010;289:144–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Fasano A, Herzog J, Raethjen J, et al. Gait ataxia in essential tremor is differentially modulated by thalamic stimulation. Brain. 2010;133:3635–48.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Fasano A, Herzog J, Raethjen J, et al. Lower limb joints kinematics in essential tremor and the effect of thalamic stimulation. Gait Posture. 2012;36:187–93.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Pifl C, Kish SJ, Hornykiewicz O. Thalamic noradrenaline in Parkinson's disease: deficits suggest role in motor and non-motor symptoms. Mov Disord. 2012;27:1618–24.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. • Raethjen J, Deuschl G. The oscillating central network of essential tremor. Clin Neurophysiol. 2012;123:61–4. This is a recent study of the so-called tremor network.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Schnitzler A, Munks C, Butz M, Timmermann L, Gross J. Synchronized brain network associated with essential tremor as revealed by magnetoencephalography. Mov Disord. 2009;24:1629–35.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Dupuis MJ, Evrard FL, Jacquerye PG, Picard GR, Lermen OG. Disappearance of essential tremor after stroke. Mov Disord. 2010;25:2884–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Hellwig B, Häussler S, Schelter B, et al. Tremor-correlated cortical activity in essential tremor. Lancet. 2001;357:519–23.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Hua SE, Lenz FA. Posture-related oscillations in human cerebellar thalamus in essential tremor are enabled by voluntary motor circuits. J Neurophysiol. 2005;93:117–27.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Boecker H, Brooks DJ. Functional imaging of tremor. Mov Disord. 1998;13:64–72.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Timmermann L, Gross J, Dirks M, Volkmann J, Freund HJ, Schnitzler A. The cerebral oscillatory network of parkinsonian resting tremor. Brain. 2003;126:199–212.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Sudmeyer M, Pollok B, Hefter H, et al. Synchronized brain network underlying postural tremor in Wilson's disease. Mov Disord. 2006;21:1935–40.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Timmermann L, Gross J, Kircheis G, Haussinger D, Schnitzler A. Cortical origin of mini-asterixis in hepatic encephalopathy. Neurology. 2002;58:295–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Pollok B, Gross J, Dirks M, Timmermann L, Schnitzler A. The cerebral oscillatory network of voluntary tremor. J Physiol. 2004;554:871–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Timmermann L, Gross J, Butz M, Kircheis G, Haussinger D, Schnitzler A. Pathological oscillatory coupling within the human motor system in different tremor syndromes as revealed by magnetoencephalography. Neurol Clin Neurophysiol. 2004;2004:26.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Lorenz D, Frederiksen H, Moises H, Kopper F, Deuschl G, Christensen K. High concordance for essential tremor in monozygotic twins of old age. Neurology. 2004;62:208–11.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Gulcher JR, Jonsson P, Kong A, et al. Mapping of a familial essential tremor gene, FET1, to chromosome 3q13. Nat Genet. 1997;17:84–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Higgins JJ, Pho LT, Nee LE. A gene (ETM) for essential tremor maps to chromosome 2p22-p25. Mov Disord. 1997;12:859–64.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Deng H, Le W, Jankovic J. Genetics of essential tremor. Brain. 2007;130:1456–64.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Kovach MJ, Ruiz J, Kimonis K, et al. Genetic heterogeneity in autosomal dominant essential tremor. Genet Med. 2001;3:197–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Ma S, Davis TL, Blair MA, et al. Familial essential tremor with apparent autosomal dominant inheritance: should we also consider other inheritance modes? Mov Disord. 2006;21:1368–74.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Pasini E, Busolin G, Nobile C, Michelucci R. Autosomal dominant essential tremor: a novel family with anticipation. Neurol Sci. 2012;[Epub ahead of print].

  69. Yoo YM, Lee CJ, Lee U, Kim YJ. Mitochondrial DNA in patients with essential tremor. Neurosci Lett. 2008;434:29–34.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Zimprich A. Phenocopies in families with essential tremor and restless legs syndrome challenge Mendelian laws. Epigenetics might provide answers. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2012;18:711–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. •• Jiménez-Jiménez FJ, Garrrcia-Martin E, Lorenzo-Betancor O, Pastor P, Alonso-Navarro H, Agundez JA. LINGO1 and risk for essential tremor: results of a meta-analysis of rs9652490 and rs11856808. J Neurol Sci. 2012;317:52–7. This is a recent meta-analysis and review of the data supporting LINGO1 variants as risk factors for essential tremor.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Stefansson H, Steinberg S, Petursson H, et al. Variant in the sequence of the LINGO1 gene confers risk of essential tremor. Nat Genet. 2009;41:277–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Wu YW, Rong TY, Li HH, et al. Analysis of Lingo1 variant in sporadic and familial essential tremor among Asians. Acta Neurol Scand. 2011;124:264–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Deng H, Gu S, Jankovic J. LINGO1 variants in essential tremor and Parkinson's disease. Acta Neurol Scand. 2012;125:1–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Yu M, Ma K, Faust PL, et al. Increased number of Purkinje cell dendritic swellings in essential tremor. Eur J Neurol. 2012;19:625–30.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Thier S, Lorenz D, Nothnagel M, et al. Polymorphisms in the glial glutamate transporter SLC1A2 are associated with essential tremor. Neurology. 2012;79:243–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Garcia-Martin E, Martinez C, Alonso-Navarro H, et al. Gamma-aminobutyric acid GABRA4, GABRE, and GABRQ receptor polymorphisms and risk for essential tremor. Pharmacogenet Genomics. 2011;21:436–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Garcia-Martin E, Martinez C, Alonso-Navarro H, et al. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor rho (GABRR) polymorphisms and risk for essential tremor. J Neurol. 2011;258:203–11.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Thier S, Kuhlenbaumer G, Lorenz D, et al. GABA(A) receptor- and GABA transporter polymorphisms and risk for essential tremor. Eur J Neurol. 2011;18:1098–100.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. •• Louis ED. Essential tremors: a family of neurodegenerative disorders? Arch Neurol. 2009;66:1202–8. This review summarizes the epidemiologic and pathologic evidence for essential tremor being a heterogeneous group of disorders.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. •• Louis ED, Faust PL, Vonsattel JP. Purkinje cell loss is a characteristic of essential tremor. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2011;17:406–9. This paper and reference 80 summarize the argument that essential tremor is a neurodegenerative disorder.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Louis ED, Faust PL, Ma KJ, Yu M, Cortes E, Vonsattel JP. Torpedoes in the cerebellar vermis in essential tremor cases vs controls. Cerebellum. 2011;10:812–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Louis ED, Ma K, Babij R, et al. Neurofilament protein levels: quantitative analysis in essential tremor cerebellar cortex. Neurosci Lett. 2012;518:49–54.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Louis ED, Mazzoni P, Ma KJ, et al. Essential tremor with ubiquitinated intranuclear inclusions and cerebellar degeneration. Clin Neuropathol. 2012;31:119–26.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. •• Rajput AH, Adler CH, Shill HA, Rajput A. Essential tremor is not a neurodegenerative disease. Neurodegener Dis Manag. 2012;2:259–68. This paper summarizes the evidence against the hypothesis that essential tremor is a neurodegenerative disorder.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. Rajput AH, Robinson CA, Rajput ML, Robinson SL, Rajput A. Essential tremor is not dependent upon cerebellar Purkinje cell loss. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2012;18:626–8.

    Google Scholar 

  87. Louis ED, Faust PL, Vonsattel JP, et al. Torpedoes in Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, essential tremor, and control brains. Mov Disord. 2009;24:1600–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. Ma K, Babij R, Cortes E, Vonsattel JP, Louis ED. Cerebellar pathology of a dual clinical diagnosis: patients with essential tremor and dystonia. Tremor and other Hyperkinetic Movements. 2012;2.

  89. Benito-León J, Louis ED, Bermejo-Pareja F. Population-based case–control study of cognitive function in essential tremor. Neurology. 2006;66:69–74.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  90. Bermejo-Pareja F, Louis ED, Benito-Leon J. Risk of incident dementia in essential tremor: a population-based study. Mov Disord. 2007;22:1573–80.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  91. Thawani SP, Schupf N, Louis ED. Essential tremor is associated with dementia: prospective population-based study in New York. Neurology. 2009;73:621–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  92. Benito-León J, Bermejo-Pareja F, Morales JM, Vega S, Molina JA. Prevalence of essential tremor in 3 elderly populations of central Spain. Mov Disord. 2003;18:389–94.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  93. Louis ED. Factor analysis of motor and nonmotor signs in essential tremor: are these signs all part of the same underlying pathogenic process? Neuroepidemiology. 2009;33:41–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  94. Adler CH, Shill HA, Beach TG. Essential tremor and Parkinson's disease: lack of a link. Mov Disord. 2011;26:372–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  95. Elble RJ, Dubinsky RM, Ala T. Alzheimer's disease and essential tremor finally meet. Mov Disord. 2007;22:1525–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  96. Shill HA, Adler CH, Beach TG, et al. Brain biochemistry in autopsied patients with essential tremor. Mov Disord. 2012;27:113–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Deuschl G. Locus coeruleus dysfunction: a feature of essential or senile tremor? Mov Disord. 2012;27:1–2.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  98. Benito-Leon J. Essential tremor: from a monosymptomatic disorder to a more complex entity. Neuroepidemiology. 2008;31:191–2.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  99. Johnson WG, Hodge SE, Duvoisin R. Twin studies and the genetics of Parkinson's disease—a reappraisal. Mov Disord. 1990;5:187–94.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Fugger L, McVean G, Bell JI. Genomewide association studies and common disease–realizing clinical utility. N Engl J Med. 2012;367:2370–1.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgment

Supported by the Spastic Paralysis Research Foundation of Kiwanis International Illinois-Eastern Iowa District.

Conflict of Interest

Rodger J. Elble has received honoraria from Kinetics Foundation and Movement Disorder Society.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, PO Box 19643, Springfield, IL, 62794-9643, USA

    Rodger J. Elble

Authors
  1. Rodger J. Elble
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Rodger J. Elble.

Additional information

This article is part of the Topical Collection on Movement Disorders

Rights and permissions

Reprints and Permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Elble, R.J. What is Essential Tremor?. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 13, 353 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11910-013-0353-4

Download citation

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11910-013-0353-4

Keywords

  • Essential tremor
  • Physiologic tremor
  • Dystonia
  • Parkinson disease