References
Wilson SA. Original papers: some problems in neurology. J Neurol Psychopathol. 1924;4:299–333.
Davison C, Kelman H. Pathologic laughing and crying. Arch Neurol Psychiatr. 1939;42:595–643.
Kim JS. Pathologic laughter after unilateral stroke. J Neurol Sci. 1997;148:121–5.
House A, Dennis M, Molyneux A, Warlow C, Hawton K. Emotionalism after stroke. BMJ. 1989;298:991–4.
Allman P, Hope T, Fairburn CG. Crying following stroke. A report on 30 cases. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 1992;14:315–21.
Poeck K. Pathophysiology of emotional disorders associated with brain damage. In: Vinken PJ, Bruyn GW, editors. Handbook of clinical neurology. New York: Elsevier; 1969. p. 343–67.
Kim JS, Choi-Kwon S. Poststroke depression and emotional incontinence: correlation with lesion location. Neurology. 2000;54:1805–10.
Grinblat N, Grinblat E, Grinblat J. Uncontrolled crying: characteristics and differences from normative crying. Gerontology. 2004;50:322–9.
Nieuwenhuis-Mark RE, van Hoek A, Vingerhoets A. Understanding excessive crying in neurologic disorders: nature, pathophysiology, assessment, consequences, and treatment. Cogn Behav Neurol. 2008;21:111–23.
Kim JS, Lee JH, Im JH, Lee MC. Syndromes of pontine base infarction. A clinical-radiological correlation study. Stroke. 1995;26:950–5.
Robinson RG, Parikh RM, Lipsey JR, Starkstein SE, Price TR. Pathological laughing and crying following stroke: validation of a measurement scale and a double-blind treatment study. Am J Psychiatry. 1993;150:286–93.
MacHale SM, Cavanagh JT, Bennie J, Carroll S, Goodwin GM, Lawrie SM. Diurnal variation of adrenocortical activity in chronic fatigue syndrome. Neuropsychobiology. 1998;38:213–7.
Choi-Kwon S, Han K, Choi S, Suh M, Kim YJ, Song H, Cho KH, Nah HW, Kwon SU, Kang DW, Kim JS. Poststroke depression and emotional incontinence: factors related to acute and subacute stages. Neurology. 2012;78:1130–7.
Tang WK, Chan SS, Chiu HF, Ungvari GS, Wong KS, Kwok TC. Emotional incontinence in Chinese stroke patients–diagnosis, frequency, and clinical and radiological correlates. J Neurol. 2004;251:865–9.
Calvert T, Knapp P, House A. Psychological associations with emotionalism after stroke. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1998;65:928–9.
Cummings JL, Arciniegas DB, Brooks BR, Herndon RM, Lauterbach EC, Pioro EP, Robinson RG, Scharre DW, Schiffer RB, Weintraub D. Defining and diagnosing involuntary emotional expression disorder. CNS Spectr. 2006;11:1–7.
McCullagh S, Moore M, Gawel M, Feinstein A. Pathological laughing and crying in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: an association with prefrontal cognitive dysfunction. J Neurol Sci. 1999;169:43–8.
Disclosure
No potential conflicts of interest relevant to this article were reported.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kim, J.S. Poststroke Emotional Incontinence: Is It Depression?. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 12, 629–630 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11910-012-0308-1
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11910-012-0308-1