This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.
References
Carson AJ, Ringbauer B, Stone J, et al.: Do medically unexplained symptoms matter? A prospective cohort study of 300 new referrals to neurology outpatient clinics. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2000, 68:207–210.
Carson AJ, Ringbauer B, MacKenzie L, et al.: Neurological disease, emotional disorder, and disability: they are related: a study of 300 consecutive new referrals to a neurology outpatient department. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2000, 68:202–206.
Carson AJ, Best S, Postma K, et al.: The outcome of neurology outpatients with medically unexplained symptoms: a prospective cohort study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2003, 74:897–900.
Lempert T, Dieterich M, Huppert D, Brandt T: Psychogenic disorders in neurology: frequency and clinical spectrum. Acta Neurol Scand 1990, 82:335–340.
Fink P, Steen Hansen M, Sondergaard L: Somatoform disorders among first-time referrals to a neurology ser vice. Psychosomatics 2005, 46:540–548.
Factor SA, Podskalny GD, Molho ES: Psychogenic movement disorders: frequency, clinical profile, and characteristics. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1995, 59:406–412.
Krem MM: Motor conversion disorders reviewed from a neuropsychiatric perspective. J Clin Psychiatry 2004, 65:783–790.
Kirmayer LJ, Groleau D, Looper KJ, Dao MD: Explaining medically unexplained symptoms. Can J Psychiatry 2004, 49:663–672.
Brown RJ: Psychological mechanisms of medically unexplained symptoms: an integrative conceptual model. Psychol Bull 2004, 130:793–812.
Feinstein A, Stergiopoulos V, Fine J, Lang AE: Psychiatric outcome in patients with a psychogenic movement disorder: a prospective study. Neuropsychiatry Neuropsychol Behav Neurol 2001, 14:169–176.
Binzer M, Eisemann M, Kullgren G: Illness behavior in the acute phase of motor disability in neurological disease and in conversion disorder: a comparative study. J Psychosom Res 1998, 44:657–666.
Williams DT, Ford B, Fahn S: Phenomenology and psychopathology related to psychogenic movement disorders. Adv Neurol 1995, 65:231–257.
Martin R, Burneo JG, Prasad A, et al.: Frequency of epilepsy in patients with psychogenic seizures monitored by video-EEG. Neurology 2003, 61:1791–1792.
Benbadis SR, Agrawal V, Tatum WO: How many patients with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures also have epilepsy? Neurology 2001, 57:915–917.
Stone J, Carson A, Sharpe M: Functional symptoms and signs in neurology: assessment and diagnosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2005, 76(Suppl 1):i2–12.
Lang AE: General overview of psychogenic movement disorders: Epidemiology, diagnosis and prognosis. In Psychogenic Movement Disorders. Neurology and Neuropsychiatry. Edited by Hallett M, Fahn S, Jankovic J, Lang AE, Cloninger CR, Yudofsky SC: Philadelphia: AAN Press, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2006:35–41.
O’Suilleabhain PE, Matsumoto JY: Time-frequency analysis of tremors. Brain 1998, 121:2127–2134.
Zeuner KE, Shoge RO, Goldstein SR, et al.: Accelerometry to distinguish psychogenic from essential or parkinsonian tremor. Neurology 2003, 61:548–550.
Deuschl G, Koster B, Lucking CH, Scheidt C: Diagnostic and pathophysiological aspects of psychogenic tremors. Mov Disord 1998, 13:294–302.
Brown P, Thompson PD: Electrophysiological aids to the diagnosis of psychogenic jerks, spasms, and tremor. Mov Disord 2001, 16:595–599.
Thompson PD, Colebatch JG, Brown P, et al.: Voluntary stimulus-sensitive jerks and jumps mimicking myoclonus or pathological startle syndromes. Mov Disord 1992, 7:257–262.
Toro C, Torres F: Electrophysiological correlates of a paroxysmal movement disorder. Ann Neurol 1986, 20:731–734.
Terada K, Ikeda A, Van Ness PC, et al.: Presence of Bereitschaftspotential preceding psychogenic myoclonus: clinical application of jerk-locked back averaging. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1995, 58:745–747.
Espay AJ, Morgante F, Purzner J, et al.: Cortical and spinal abnormalities in psychogenic dystonia. Ann Neurol 2006, 59:825–834.
Stone J, Campbell K, Sharma N, et al.: What should we call pseudoseizures? The patient’s perspective. Seizure 2003, 12:568–572.
Stone J, Carson A, Sharpe M: Functional symptoms in neurology: management. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2005, 76(Suppl 1):i13–21.
Hinson VK, Weinstein S, Bernard B, et al.: Single-blind clinical trial of psychotherapy for treatment of psychogenic movement disorders. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2006, 12:177–180.
Williams DT, Ford B, Fahn S: Treatment issues in psychogenic-neuropsychiatric movement disorders. Adv Neurol 2005, 96:350–363.
Voon V, Lang AE: Antidepressant treatment outcomes of psychogenic movement disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 2005, 66:1529–1534.
Crimlisk HL, Bhatia K, Cope H, et al.: Slater revisited: 6 year follow up study of patients with medically unexplained motor symptoms. BMJ 1998, 316:582–586.
Stone J, Sharpe M, Rothwell PM, Warlow CP: The 12 year prognosis of unilateral functional weakness and sensory disturbance. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2003, 74:591–596.
Hallett M, Fahn S, Jankovic J, Lang AE, Cloninger CR, Yudofsky SC (Ed): Psychogenic Movement Disorders. Neurology and Neuropsychiatry. Philadelphia: AAN Press, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2006.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Hallett, M. Psychogenic movement disorders: A crisis for neurology. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 6, 269–271 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11910-006-0015-x
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11910-006-0015-x
Keywords
- Dystonia
- Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
- Personality Disorder
- Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry
- Conversion Disorder