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The Role of Emerging and Neglected Viruses in the Etiology of Hepatitis

  • Intra-Abdominal Infections, Hepatitis and Gastroenteritis (T Steiner, Section Editor)
  • Published:
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Abstract

Purpose of Review

In this review, we present the overview of emerging and neglected viruses associated with liver involvement.

Recent Findings

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) emerged in the last two decades, causing hepatitis in many parts of the world. Moreover, liver involvement was also described in some emerging arboviral infections. Many reports showed dengue-associated liver injury; however, chikungunya, West Nile, tick-borne encephalitis, and Zika virus are rarely associated with clinically manifest liver disease. In addition, some neglected highly prevalent viruses such as adenoviruses and parvovirus B19 are capable of causing hepatitis in specific population groups. Anelloviruses (torque teno virus/torque teno mini virus/torque teno midi virus, SEN virus), human bocavirus, pegiviruses, and lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus have shown a little potential for causing hepatitis, but their role in the etiology of liver disease remains to be determined.

Summary

In addition to the well-known hepatotropic viruses, many emerging and neglected viruses have been associated with liver diseases. The number of emerging zoonotic viruses has been increasingly recognized. While zoonotic potential of HEV is well documented, the recent identification of new hepatitis-related animal viruses such as HEV strains from rabbits and camels, non-primate hepaciviruses in domestic dogs and horses, as well as equine and porcine pegivirus highlights the possible zoonotic transmission in the context of “One Health.” However, zoonotic potential and hepatotropism of animal hepatitis viruses remain to be determined.

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Funding

This study was supported in part by the Croatian Science Foundation, project no. HRZZ IP 2016-06-7456: Prevalence and Molecular Epidemiology of Emerging and Re-emerging Neuroinvasive Arboviral Infections in Croatia; CRONEUROARBO (to TVC).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicine, Merkur University Hospital, Salata 3b, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia

    Anna Mrzljak & Ana Jelic

  2. School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia

    Anna Mrzljak & Tatjana Vilibic-Cavlek

  3. Department of Virology, Croatian Institute of Public Health, Zagreb, Croatia

    Irena Tabain, Maja Bogdanic & Tatjana Vilibic-Cavlek

  4. Department of Medicine, Varazdin General Hospital, Varazdin, Croatia

    Hrvoje Premac

  5. Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia

    Ljubo Barbic & Vladimir Stevanovic

  6. Poultry Center, Laboratory for Virology and Serology, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Zagreb, Croatia

    Vladimir Savic

  7. Department of Surgery, Merkur University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia

    Danko Mikulic

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  1. Anna Mrzljak
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  2. Irena Tabain
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  7. Vladimir Stevanovic
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  8. Ana Jelic
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  10. Tatjana Vilibic-Cavlek
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Correspondence to Anna Mrzljak.

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This is part of Topical Collection on Intra-Abdominal Infections, Hepatitis and Gastroenteritis

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Mrzljak, A., Tabain, I., Premac, H. et al. The Role of Emerging and Neglected Viruses in the Etiology of Hepatitis. Curr Infect Dis Rep 21, 51 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11908-019-0709-2

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