Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

The Hispanic HIV Epidemic

  • HIV/AIDS (R MacArthur, Section Editor)
  • Published:
Current Infectious Disease Reports Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The Hispanic population in the U.S. has been dramatically affected by the HIV epidemic. The impact not only is related to the infection itself and its complications, but also is driven by social factors that lead to increased disparity in health-care access and cultural modeling and to increased social stigma, which leads to marginalization and exacerbates the existing gaps in medical care. Hispanics infected with HIV more frequently receive delayed diagnoses and more often present with AIDS, concomitant opportunistic infections, or coinfections related to their country of origin. The unique characteristics that define the HIV epidemic in Hispanics need further analysis in order to identify new opportunities to improve linkage to health care, increase efficacy in health-care provision, and decrease social disparities related to the Hispanic population.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Cargill VA, Stone VE. HIV/AIDS: a minority health issue. Med Clin N Am. 2005;89(4):895–912. doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2005.03.005.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Sohler N, Li X, Cunningham C. Perceived discrimination among severely disadvantaged people with HIV infection. Public health reports (Washington, DC: 1974). 2007;122(3):347–55.

  3. Passel JS, Cohn DV. U.S. Population Projections: 2005–2050. Pew Research Center. 2008. www.pewhispanic.org/files/reports/85.pdf.

  4. Hoefer M, Rytina N, Baker B. Estimates of the Unauthorized Immigrant Population Residing in the United States: January 2011. 2012:1–8.

  5. Massey DS, Pren KA. Origins of the New Latino Underclass. Race Soc Probl. 2012;4(1):5–17. doi:10.1007/s12552-012-9066-6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Motel S, Patten E. The 10 Largest Hispanic Origin Groups: Characteristics, Rankings, Top Counties. Pew Hispanic Center. June 27, 2012. http://www.pewhispanic.org/files/2012/06/The-10-Largest-Hispanic-Origin-Groups.pdf.

  7. Jerome-D'Emilia B, Suplee PD. The ACA and the undocumented. Am J Nurs. 2012;112(4):21–7. doi:10.1097/01.naj.0000413450.28454.25.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Prejean J, Song R, Hernandez A, Ziebell R, Green T, Walker F, et al. Estimated HIV incidence in the United States, 2006–2009. PLoS One. 2011;6(8):e17502. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0017502.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Estimated lifetime risk for diagnosis of HIV infection among Hispanics/Latinos --- 37 states and Puerto Rico, 2007. MMWR Morbidity and mortality weekly report. 2010;59(40):1297–301.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Chen NE, Gallant JE, Page KR. A systematic review of HIV/AIDS survival and delayed diagnosis among Hispanics in the United States. J immigrant Minor Health / Cent Minor Publ Health. 2012;14(1):65–81. doi:10.1007/s10903-011-9497-y.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Dennis AM, Napravnik S, Sena AC, Eron JJ. Late entry to HIV care among Latinos compared with non-Latinos in a southeastern US cohort. Clin Infect dis offic publ Infect Dis Soc Am. 2011;53(5):480–7. doi:10.1093/cid/cir434.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. del Rio C. Latinos and HIV care in the southeastern United States: new challenges complicating longstanding problems. Clin Infect dis offic publ Infect Dis Soc Am. 2011;53(5):488–9. doi:10.1093/cid/cir440.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Giordano TP, Bartsch G, Zhang Y, Tedaldi E, Absalon J, Mannheimer S, et al. Disparities in outcomes for African American and Latino subjects in the Flexible Initial Retrovirus Suppressive Therapies (FIRST) trial. AIDS Patient Care and STDs. 2010;24(5):287–95. doi:10.1089/apc.2009.0332.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Crawford T, Caldwell G, Bush HM, Browning S, Thornton A. Foreign born status and HIV/AIDS: a comparative analysis of HIV/AIDS characteristics among foreign and U.S. born individuals. Journal of immigrant and minority health / Center for Minority. Publ Health. 2012;14(1):82–8. doi:10.1007/s10903-011-9455-8.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Katz MH. HIV infection among persons born outside the United States. JAMA: J Am Med Assoc. 2012;308(6):623–4. doi:10.1001/jama.2012.8670.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Prosser AT, Tang T, Hall HI. HIV in persons born outside the United States, 2007–2010. JAMA: J Am Med Assoc. 2012;308(6):601–7. doi:10.1001/jama.2012.9046.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. HIV among Latinos. CDC. November 2011. http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/resources/factsheets/pdf/latino.pdf.

  18. Harawa NT, Bingham TA, Cochran SD, Greenland S, Cunningham WE. HIV prevalence among foreign- and US-born clients of public STD clinics. Am J Public Health. 2002;92(12):1958–63.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Carten ML, Castillo-Mancilla JR, Allshouse AA, Johnson SC. Characteristics of Foreign-Born HIV Infected Individuals and Differences by Region of Origin and Gender. Journal of immigrant and minority health / Center for Minority Public Health. 2012. doi:10.1007/s10903-012-9633-3.

  20. Castillo-Mancilla JR, Carten M. The need for a US registry of HIV in foreign-born people. Lancet Infect Dis. 2010;10(6):370–1. doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(10)70100-6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Castillo-Mancilla J, Allshouse A, Collins C, Hastings-Tolsma M, Campbell TB, Mawhinney S. Differences in sexual risk behavior and HIV/AIDS risk factors among foreign-born and US-born Hispanic women. J immigrant Minor Health / Cent Minor Publ Health. 2012;14(1):89–99. doi:10.1007/s10903-011-9529-7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Rodwell TC, Barnes RF, Moore M, Strathdee SA, Raich A, Moser KS, et al. HIV-tuberculosis coinfection in Southern California: evaluating disparities in disease burden. Am J Public Health. 2010;100 Suppl 1:S178–85. doi:10.2105/ajph.2009.170142.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Sterling TR, Lau B, Zhang J, Freeman A, Bosch RJ, Brooks JT, et al. Risk factors for tuberculosis after highly active antiretroviral therapy initiation in the United States and Canada: implications for tuberculosis screening. J Infect Dis. 2011;204(6):893–901. doi:10.1093/infdis/jir421.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. WHO global tuberculosis control report 2010. Summary. Central European journal of public health. 2010;18(4):237.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Viral Hepatitis Surveillance – United States, 2010. In: CDC. 2012. http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/Statistics/2010Surveillance/index.htm.

  26. Deaths: Final Data for 2009. National vital statistics reports. In: CDC. 2012. http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr60/nvsr60_03.pdf. vol. 60, no. 03. Table 17.

  27. Carrion AF, Ghanta R, Carrasquillo O, Martin P. Chronic liver disease in the Hispanic population of the United States. Clin Gastroenterol hepatol Offic clin Pract J Am Gastroenterol Assoc. 2011;9(10):834–41. doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2011.04.027. quiz e109-10.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Anderson AM, Mehta AK, Wang YF, Jing Q, Easley K, Nguyen ML. HIV-associated histoplasmosis in a nonendemic area of the United States during the HAART era: role of migration from endemic areas and lack of antiretroviral therapy. J Int Assoc Phys AIDS Care (Chicago, Ill: 2002). 2010;9(5):296–300. doi:10.1177/1545109710378167.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Robert-Gangneux F, Darde ML. Epidemiology of and diagnostic strategies for toxoplasmosis. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2012;25(2):264–96. doi:10.1128/cmr.05013-11.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Llenas-Garcia J, Hernando A, Fiorante S, Maseda D, Matarranz M, Salto E, et al. Chagas disease screening among HIV-positive Latin American immigrants: an emerging problem. Eur J Clin microbiol Infect Dis Offic Publ Eur Soc Clin Microbiol. 2012;31(8):1991–7. doi:10.1007/s10096-011-1531-4.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Hochberg NS, Moro RN, Sheth AN, Montgomery SP, Steurer F, McAuliffe IT, et al. High prevalence of persistent parasitic infections in foreign-born, HIV-infected persons in the United States. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2011;5(4):e1034. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0001034.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Colasanti J, Nguyen L, Kiem JT, Deeb K, Jayaweera D. Disparities in HIV-treatment responses between Haitians, African Americans, and Hispanics living in Miami-Dade County, Florida. J Health Care Poor Underserved. 2012;23(1):179–90. doi:10.1353/hpu.2012.0004.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Kelley CF, Hernandez-Ramos I, Franco-Paredes C, del Rio C. Clinical, epidemiologic characteristics of foreign-born Latinos with HIV/AIDS at an urban HIV clinic. The AIDS reader. 2007;17(2):73–4, 8–80, 5–8.

  34. Beach MC, Saha S, Korthuis PT, Sharp V, Cohn J, Wilson I, et al. Differences in patient-provider communication for Hispanic compared to non-Hispanic white patients in HIV care. J Gen Intern Med. 2010;25(7):682–7. doi:10.1007/s11606-010-1310-4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Gardner EM, McLees MP, Steiner JF, Del Rio C, Burman WJ. The spectrum of engagement in HIV care and its relevance to test-and-treat strategies for prevention of HIV infection. Clin Infect dis offic publ Infect Dis Soc Am. 2011;52(6):793–800. doi:10.1093/cid/ciq243.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Spielberg F, Levine RO, Weaver M. Self-testing for HIV: a new option for HIV prevention? Lancet Infect Dis. 2004;4(10):640–6. doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(04)01150-8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Keesee MS, Natale AP, Curiel HF. HIV positive Hispanic/Latinos who delay HIV care: analysis of multilevel care engagement barriers. Soc Work Health Care. 2012;51(5):457–78. doi:10.1080/00981389.2012.662208.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Ruiz M, Briones-Chavez CS. How to improve the health of undocumented Latino immigrants with HIV in New Orleans: an agenda for action. Revista panamericana de salud publica =. Pan Am J Publ Health. 2010;28(1):66–70.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Vermund SH, Hodder SL, Justman JE, Koblin BA, Mastro TD, Mayer KH, et al. Addressing research priorities for prevention of HIV infection in the United States. Clin Infect dis offic publ Infect Dis Soc Am. 2010;50 Suppl 3:S149–55. doi:10.1086/651485.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. DeVille K, Kopelman LM. Diversity, trust, and patient care: affirmative action in medical education 25 years after Bakke. J Med Philos. 2003;28(4):489–516. doi:10.1076/jmep.28.4.489.15971.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Gifford AL, Cunningham WE, Heslin KC, Andersen RM, Nakazono T, Lieu DK, et al. Participation in research and access to experimental treatments by HIV-infected patients. N Engl J Med. 2002;346(18):1373–82. doi:10.1056/NEJMsa011565.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Sullivan PS, McNaghten AD, Begley E, Hutchinson A, Cargill VA. Enrollment of racial/ethnic minorities and women with HIV in clinical research studies of HIV medicines. J Natl Med Assoc. 2007;99(3):242–50.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. King WD, Defreitas D, Smith K, Andersen J, Perry LP, Adeyemi T, et al. Attitudes and perceptions of AIDS clinical trials group site coordinators on HIV clinical trial recruitment and retention: a descriptive study. AIDS Patient Care and STDs. 2007;21(8):551–63. doi:10.1089/apc.2006.0173.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Ribaudo HJ, Liu H, Schwab M, Schaeffeler E, Eichelbaum M, Motsinger-Reif AA, et al. Effect of CYP2B6, ABCB1, and CYP3A5 polymorphisms on efavirenz pharmacokinetics and treatment response: an AIDS Clinical Trials Group study. J Infect Dis. 2010;202(5):717–22. doi:10.1086/655470.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Ribaudo H, Daar E, Tierney C, Morse G, Mollan K, Sax P et al. Premature Discontinuation of Atazanavir/ritonavir and UGT1A1 Variants: ACTG Protocol A5202. CROI; Seattle, Whashington State Convention Center.March, 2012.

Download references

Acknowledgement

No funding agencies had a role in the preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript. The views expressed in this article are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of the University of Colorado Denver.

Disclosure

No conflicts of interest were reported by Andrés F. Henao-Martínez or José R. Castillo-Mancilla.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado Denver, 12700 E. 19th Avenue, Mail Stop B168, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA

    Andrés F. Henao-Martínez

  2. Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado Denver, 1635 Aurora Ct, B163, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA

    José R. Castillo-Mancilla

Authors
  1. Andrés F. Henao-Martínez
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. José R. Castillo-Mancilla
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to José R. Castillo-Mancilla.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Henao-Martínez, A.F., Castillo-Mancilla, J.R. The Hispanic HIV Epidemic. Curr Infect Dis Rep 15, 46–51 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11908-012-0306-0

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11908-012-0306-0

Keywords

Search

Navigation