Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

The Role of Helicobacter pylori in Upper Respiratory System Infections: Is it More Than Colonization?

  • Upper Respiratory, Head, and Neck Infections (I Brook, Section Editor)
  • Published:
Current Infectious Disease Reports Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Helicobacter pylori (HP) is recognized as a common chronic human bacterial infection and is the most common cause of gastritis. Recent studies suggest an increased HP prevalence in patients with various extra-digestive inflammatory diseases. Since many respiratory diseases are characterized by chronic inflammation as well as increased immune response, and HP may enter the nasopharyngeal cavity by gastroesophageal reflux, an association between respiratory disorders and HP infection has been suggested. Several studies discover HP in clinical samples from the patients with upper respiratory system infections. Even some of them revealed a relief after the treatment directed to HP eradication. However some studies do not support this theory and whether this association means a definite proof of a causal relationship between HP and respiratory diseases needs to be clarified. In this study, we aimed to review the reports about the role of HP in upper respiratory system infections.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

Papers of particular interest, published recently, have been highlighted as: • Of importance •• Of major importance

  1. Marshall BJ, Warren JR. Unidentified curved bacilli in the stomach of patients with gastritis and peptic ulceration. Lancet. 1984;1(8390):1311–5.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Peterson WL. Helicobacter pylori and peptic ulcer disease. N Engl J Med. 1991;324:1043–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Nomura A, Stemmermann GN, Chyou PH, et al. Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric carcinoma among Japanese Americans in Hawaii. N Engl J Med. 1991;325:1132–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Parsonnet J, Friedman GD, Vandersteen DP, et al. Helicobacter pylori infection and the risk of gastric carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 1991;325:1127–31.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Parsonnet J, Hansen S, Rodriguez L, et al. Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric lymphoma. N Engl J Med. 1994;330:1267–71.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Radosz-Komoniewska H, Bek T, Jozwiak J, Martirosian G. Pathogenicity of Helicobacter pylori infection. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2005;11:602–10.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Realdi G, Dore MP, Fastame L. Extradigestive manifestations of Helicobacter pylori infection. Fact and fiction Dig Dis Sci. 1999;44:229–36.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Gasbarrini A, Franceschi F, Armuzzi A, et al. Extradigestive manifestations of Helicobacter pylori gastric infection. Gut. 1999;45 Suppl 1:9–12.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. •• Figura N, Franceschi F, Santucci A, et al. Extragastric manifestations of Helicobacter pylori infection. Helicobacter 2010;15(Suppl 1):60–8. A comprehensive review about the extragastric manifestations of Helicobacter pylori infection. They discuss the several studies concerning cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders, diabetes mellitus, ear and eyes diseases, immunological and hematological disorders, liver and bile tract diseases, gynecological, and respiratory tract pathologies.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Israel DA, Peek RM. Pathogenesis of Helicobacter pylori-induced gastric inflammation. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2001;15:1271–90.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. •• Malfertheiner MV, Kandulski A, Schreiber J, Malfertheiner P. Helicobacter pylori infection and the respiratory system: A systematic review of the literature. Digestion 2011;84:212–20. This review gives an up-to-date analysis of the relevant literature and discusses the mechanisms that could underlie a role for H. pylori infection in respiratory diseases. It discusses the data about H. pylori with the diseases of COPD, lung cancer, asthma, bronchiectasis, tuberculosis, cystic fibrosis, pneumonia and sarcoidosis.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Kurtaran H, Uyar ME, Kasapoglu B, et al. Role of Helicobacter pylori in pathogenesis of upper respiratory system diseases. J Natl Med Assoc. 2008;100:1224–30.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Minocha A, Raczkowski CA, Richards RJ. Is a history of tonsillectomy associated with a decreased risk of Helicobacter pylori infection. J Clin Gastroenterol. 1997;25:580–2.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Di Bonaventura G, Catamo G, Neri M, et al. Absence of Helicobacter pylori in tonsillar swabs from dyspeptic patients. New Microbiol. 2000;23:445–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Skinner LJ, Winter DC, Curran AJ, et al. Helicobacter pylori and tonsillectomy. Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci. 2001;26:505–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Di Bonaventura G, Neri M, Neri G, et al. Do tonsils represent an extragastric reservoir for Helicobacter pylori infection? Infect. 2001;42:221–2.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Unver S, Kubilay U, Sezen OS, Coskuner T. Investigation of Helicobacter pylori colonization in adenotonsillectomy specimens by means of the CLO test. Laryngoscope. 2001;111:2183–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Uygur-Bayramiçli O, Yavuzer D, Dabak R, et al. Helicobacter pylori colonization on tonsil tissue. Am J Gastroenterol. 2002;97:2470–1.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Cirak MY, Ozdek A, Yilmaz D, et al. Detection of Helicobacter pylori and its CagA gene in tonsil and adenoid tissues by PCR. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2003;129:1225–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Yilmaz M, Kara CO, Kaleli I, et al. Are tonsils a reservoir for Helicobacter pylori infection in children? Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2004;68:307–10.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Pitkäranta A, Kolho KL, Rautelin H. Helicobacter pylori in children who are prone to upper respiratory tract infections. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2005;131:256–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Khademi B, Imanieh MH, Gandomi B, et al. Investigation of H. pylori colonization in adenotonsillectomy specimens by means of rapid urease (CLO) test. Iran J Med Sci. 2005;30:138–40.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Bitar MA, Soweid A, Mahfouz R, et al. Is Helicobacter pylori really present in the adenoids of children? Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2005;262:987–92.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Bulut Y, Agacayak A, Karlidag T, et al. Association of cagA + Helicobacter pylori with adenotonsillar hypertrophy. Tohoku J Exp Med. 2006;209:229–33.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Bitar M, Mahfouz R, Soweid A, et al. Does Helicobacter pylori colonize the nasopharynx of children and contribute to their middle ear disease? Acta Otolaryngol. 2006;126:154–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Yilmaz T, Ceylan M, Akyon Y, et al. Helicobacter pylori: a possible association with otitis media with effusion. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2006;134:772–77.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Kusano K, Tokunaga O, Ando T, Inokuchi A. Helicobacter pylori in the palatine tonsils of patients with IgA nephropathy compared with those of patients with recurrent pharyngotonsillitis. Hum Pathol. 2007;38:1788–97.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Pavlík E, Lukes P, Potuzníková B, et al. Helicobacter pylori isolated from patients with tonsillar cancer or tonsillitis chronica could be of different genotype compared to isolates from gastrointestinal tract. Folia Microbiol (Praha). 2007;52:91–4.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Jelavic B, Bevanda M, Ostojic M, et al. Tonsillar colonization is unlikely to play important role in Helicobacter pylori infection in children. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2007;71:585–90.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Aslan S, Yilmaz I, Bal N, et al. Investigation of Helicobacter pylori in tonsillary tissue with Pronto Dry test and pathologic examination. Auris Nasus Larynx. 2007;34:339–42.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Vayisoglu Y, Ozcan C, Polat A, et al. Does Helicobacter pylori play a role in the development of chronic adenotonsillitis? Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2008;72:1497–501.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. • Eyigor M, Eyigor H, Gultekin B, Aydin N. Detection of Helicobacter pylori in adenotonsiller tissue specimens by rapid urease test and polymerase chain reaction. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2009;266:1611–3. This study tested both rapid urease test and polymerase chain reaction in adenotonsiller tissues of the patients with chronic tonsillitis and adenoid hypertrophy. The former found a low [5.5%] positivity while the latter remained negative in all. This study represents one of the studies that does not support the theory of H. pylori-upper respiratory system disorder association.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Lin HC, Wu PY, Friedman M, et al. Difference of Helicobacter pylori colonization in recurrent inflammatory and simple hyperplastic tonsil tissues. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2010;136:468–70.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. • Abdel-Monem MH, Magdy EA, Nour YA, et al. Detection of Helicobacter pylori in adenotonsillar tissue of children with chronic adenotonsillitis using rapid urease test, PCR and blood serology: a prospective study. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2011;75:568–72. This study tested 30 adenotonsillectomy tissues removed from children and used both rapid urease test and polymerase chain reaction. It provides data about the role of H. pylori in children with chronic tonsillitis.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Wibawa T, Surono A, Widodo I. Isolation of viable Helicobacter pylori in the tonsillar tissues of chronic tonsillitis patients. J Infect Dev Ctries. 2011;5:561–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Wang JH, Luo JY, Dong L, et al. Epidemiology of gastroesophageal reflux disease: ageneral population-based study in Xi’an of Northwest China. World J Gastroenterol. 2004;10:1647–51.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Contencin P, Narcy P. Nasopharyngeal pH monitoring in infants and children with chronic rhinopharyngitis. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 1991;22:249–56.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Tauber S, Gross M, Issing WJ. Association of laryngopharyngeal symptoms with gastroesophageal reflux disease. Laryngoscope. 2002;112:879–86.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Yazici ZM, Sayin I, Kayhan FT, Biskin S. Laryngopharyngeal reflux might play a role on chronic nonspecific pharyngitis. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2010;267:571–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Zhang JP, Peng ZH, Zhang J, et al. Helicobacter pylori infection in the pharynx of patients with chronic pharyngitis detected with TDI-FP and modified Giemsa stain. World J Gastroenterol. 2006;12:468–72.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Aladag I, Bulut Y, Guven M, et al. Seroprevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with chronic nonspecific pharyngitis: preliminary study. J Laryngol Otol. 2008;122:61–4.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Kaptan ZK, Emir H, Uzunkulaoğlu H, et al. Determination of Helicobacter pylori in patients with chronic nonspecific pharyngitis. Laryngoscope. 2009;119:1479–83.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Aladag I, Eyibilen A, Guven M, Erkokmaz U. Effects of Helicobacter pylori eradication on chronic nonspecific pharyngeal symptoms. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2008;37:623–7.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Gliklich RD, Metson R. The health impact of chronic sinusitis in patients seeking otolaryngologic care. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1995;113:104–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. DiBaise JK, Huerter JV, Quigley EM. Sinusitis and gastroesophageal reflux disease. Ann Intern Med. 1998;129:1078.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. DiBaise JK, Olusola BF, Huerter JV, Quigley EM. Role of GERD in chronic resistant sinusitis: A prospective, open label, pilot trial. Am J Gastroenterol. 2002;97:843–50.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Morinaka S, Ichimiya M, Nakamura H. Detection of Helicobacter pylori in nasal and maxillary sinus specimens from patients with chronic sinusitis. Laryngoscope. 2003;113:1557–63.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Ozdek A, Cirak MY, Samim E, et al. A possible role of Helicobacter pylori in chronic rhinosinusitis: A preliminary report. Laryngoscope. 2003;113:679–82.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Kim HY, Dhong HJ, Chung SK, et al. Intranasal Helicobacter pylori colonization does not correlate with the severity of chronic rhinosinusitis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2007;136:390–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Cvorovic L, Brajovic D, Strbac M, et al. Detection of Helicobacter pylori in nasal polyps: preliminary report. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2008;37:192–5.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Cellini L, Allocati N, Dainelli B. Failure to detect Helicobacter pylori in nasal mucus in H. pylori positive dyspeptic patients. J Clin Pathol. 1995;48:1072–3.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Dinis PB, Subtil J. Helicobacter pylori and laryngopharyngeal reflux in chronic rhinosinusitis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2006;134(1):67–72.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Tasker A, Dettmar PW, Panetti M, et al. Is gastric reflux a cause of otitis media with effusion in children? Laryngoscope. 2002;112:1930–34.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Rozmanic V, Velepic M, Ahel V, et al. Prolonged esophageal pH monitoring in the evaluation of gastroesophageal reflux in children with chronic tubotympanal disorders. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2002;34:278–80.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Velepic M, Rozmanic V, Velepic M, Bonifacic M. Gastroesophageal reflux, allergy and chronic tubotympanal disorders in children. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2000;55:187–90.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Yilmaz MD, Aktepe O, Cetinkol Y, Altuntaş A. Does Helicobacter pylori have role in development of otitis media with effusion? Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2005;69:745–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Kutluhan A, Yurttaş V, Akarca US, et al. Possible role of Helicobacter pylori in the etiopathogenesis of chronic otitis media. Otol Neurotol. 2005;26:1125–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Yilmaz T, Ceylan M, Akyön Y, et al. Helicobacter pylori: a possible association with otitis media with effusion. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2006;134:772–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Fancy T, Mathers PH, Ramadan HH. Otitis media with effusion: a possible role for Helicobacter pylori. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2009;140:256–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Kariya S, Okano M, Fukushima K, et al. Expression of inflammatory mediators in the otitis media induced by Helicobacter pylori antigen in mice. Clin Exp Immunol. 2008;15:134–40.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. • Sudhoff H, Rajagopal S, Baguley DM, et al. A critical evaluation of the evidence on a causal relationship between Helicobacter pylori and otitis media with effusion. J Laryngol Otol 2008;122:905–11. This systematic review analyses all the available studies about the presence of H. pylori in the middle ear of the patients with otitis media with effusion.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Ozcan C, Vayisoglu Y, Otag F, et al. Does Helicobacter pylori have a role in the development of chronic otitis media with effusion? A preliminary study. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2009;38:526–31.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Karlidag T, Bulut Y, Keles E, et al. Detection of Helicobacter pylori in children with otitis media with effusion: a preliminary report. Laryngoscope. 2005;115:1262–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Agirdir BV, Bozova S, Derin AT, Turhan M. Chronic otitis media with effusion and Helicobacter pylori. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2006;70:829–34.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Dagli M, Eryilmaz A, Uzun A, et al. Investigation of Helicobacter pylori in the middle ear of the patients with chronic otitis media by CLO test and 14C urea breath test. Otol Neurotol. 2006;27:871–3.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Krajden S, Fuksa M, Anderson J, et al. Examination of human stomach biopsies, saliva, and dental plaque for Campylobacter pylori. J Clin Microbiol. 1989;27:1397–98.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Oshowo A, Tunio M, Gillam D, et al. Oral colonization is unlikely to play an important role in Helicobacter pylori infection. Br J Surg. 1998;85:850–2.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Bernander S, Dalen J, Gastrin B, et al. Absence of Helicobacter pylori in dental plaques in Helicobacter pylori positive dyspeptic patients. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 1993;12:282–5.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Ishihara K, Miura T, Kimizuka R, et al. Oral bacteria inhibit Helicobacter pylori growth. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 1997;152:355–61.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Majmudar P, Shah SM, Dhunjbhoy KR, Desai HG. Isolation of Helicobacter pylori from dental plaques in healthy volunteers. Indian J Gastoenterol. 1990;9:271–2.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Namavar F, Roosendaal R, Kuipers EJ, et al. Presence of Helicobacter pylori in the oral cavity, oesophagus, stomach and faeces of patients with gastritis. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 1995;14:234.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Suzuki N, Yoneda M, Naito T, et al. Detection of Helicobacter pylori DNA in the saliva of patients complaining of halitosis. J Med Microbiol. 2008;57:1553–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Burgers R, Schneider-Brachert W, Reischl U, et al. Helicobacter pylori in human oral cavity and stomach. Eur J Oral Sci. 2008;116:297–304.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Gao J, Li Y, Wang Q, et al. Correlation between distribution of Helicobacter pylori in oral cavity and chronic stomach conditions. J Huazhong Univ Sci Technolog Med Sci. 2011;31:409–12.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Assumpção MB, Martins LC, Melo Barbosa HP, et al. Helicobacter pylori in dental plaque and stomach of patients from Northern Brazil. World J Gastroenterol. 2010;16:3033–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Gall-Troselj K, Mravak-Stipetić M, Jurak I, et al. Helicobacter pylori colonization of tongue mucosa—increased incidence in atrophic glossitis and burning mouth syndrome (BMS). J Oral Pathol Med. 2001;30:560–3.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Adler I, Denninghoff VC, Alvarez MI, et al. Helicobacter pylori associated with glossitis and halitosis. Helicobacter. 2005;10:312–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Iamaroon A, Chaimano S, Linpisarn S, et al. Detection of Helicobacter pylori in recurrent aphthous ulceration by nested PCR. J Oral Sci. 2003;45:107–10.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Victória JM, Kalapothakis E, Silva de JF, Gomez RS. Helicobacter pylori DNA in recurrent aphthous stomatitis. J Oral Pathol Med 2003;32:219–23.

    Google Scholar 

  80. Fritscher AM, Cherubini K, Chies J, Dias AC. Association between Helicobacter pylori and recurrent aphthous stomatitis in children and adolescents. J Oral Pathol Med. 2004;33:129–32.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Karaca S, Seyhan M, Senol M, et al. The effect of gastric Helicobacter pylori eradication on recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Int J Dermatol. 2008;47:615–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. D’Alessandro A, Seri S. Comparison of three different methods for evaluation of Helicobacter pylori in human dental plaque. Boll Soc Ital Biol Sper. 1992;68:769–73.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Wahlfors J, Meurman JH, Toskala J, et al. Development of a rapid PCR method for identification of Helicobacter pylori in dental plaque and gastric biopsy specimens. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 1995;14:780–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Ferguson DA, Li C, Patel NR, et al. Isolation of Helicobacter pylori from saliva. J Clin Microbiol. 1993;31:2802–4.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Bickley J, Owen RJ, Fraser AG, Pounder RE. Evaluation of the polymerase chain reaction for detecting the urease C gene of Helicobacter pylori in gastric biopsy samples and dental plaque. J Med Microbiol. 1993;39:338–44.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Hardo PG, Tugnait A, Hassan F, et al. Helicobacter pylori infection and dental care. Gut. 1995;37:544–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  87. Cellini L, Allocati N, Piattelli A, et al. Microbiological evidence of Helicobacter pylori from dental plaque in dyspeptic patients. Microbiologica. 1995;18:187–92.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Cheng HH, Webberley M, Evans M, et al. Helicobacter pylori in dental plaque and gastric mucosa. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radio Endod. 1996;81:421–3.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Luman W, Alkout AM, Blackwell CC, et al. Helicobacter pylori in the mouth-negative isolation from dental plaque and saliva. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 1996;8:11–4.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Mravak-Stipetic M, Gall-Troselj K, Lukac J, et al. Detection of Helicobacter pylori in various oral lesions by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR). J Oral Pathol Med. 1998;27:1–3.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Dowsett SA, Archila L, Segreto VA, et al. Helicobacter pylori infection in indigenous families of Central America: serostatus and oral and fingernail carriage. J Clin Microbiol. 1999;37:2456–60.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Riggio MP, Lennon A. Identification by PCR of Helicobacter pylori in subgingival plaque of adult periodontitis patients. JMed Microbiol. 1999;48:317–22.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Dore-Davin C, Heitz M, Yang H, et al. Helicobacter pylori in the oral cavity reflectshandling of contaminants but not gastric infection. Digestion. 1999;60:196–202.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Kim N, Lim SH, Lee KH, et al. Helicobacter pylori in dental plaque and saliva. Korean J Int Med. 2000;5:187–94.

    Google Scholar 

  95. Sahin FI, Tinaz AC, Simsek IS, et al. Detection of Helicobacter pylori in dental plaque and gastric biopsy samples of Turkish patients by PCR-RFLP. Acta Gastroeneterol Belg. 2001;64:150–2.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Allaker RP, Young KA, Hardie JM, et al. Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori at oral and gastrointestinal sites in children: evidence for possible oral-to-oral transmission. J Med Microbiol. 2002;51:312–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Berroteran A, Perrone M, Correnti M, et al. Detection of Helicobacter pylori DNA in the oral cavity and gastroduodenal system of a Venezuelan population. J Med Microbiol. 2002;51:764–70.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Czesnikiewicz-Guzik M, Karczewska E, Bielanski W, et al. Association of the presence of Helicobacter pylori in the oral cavity and in the stomach. J Physiol Pharmacol. 2004;55 Suppl 2:105–15.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  99. Rajendran R, Rajeev R, Anil S, et al. Helicobacter pylori coinfection is a confounder, modulating mucosal inflammation in oral submucous fibrosis. Indian J Dent Res. 2009;20:206–11.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Silva Rossi-Aguiar VP, Navarro-Rodriguez T, Mattar R, et al. Oral cavity is not a reservoir for Helicobacter pylori in infected patients with functional dyspepsia. Oral Microbiol Immunol. 2009;24:255–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Cellini L, Grande R, Artese L, Marzio L. Detection of Helicobacter pylori in saliva and esophagus. New Microbiol. 2010;33:351–7.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  102. • Namiot DB, Leszczynska K, Namiot Z, et al. The occurrence of Helicobacter pylori antigens in dental plaque; an association with oral health status and oral hygiene practices. Adv Med Sci 2010;55:167–71. This study shows that HP antigens are found in 65% of teeth and removable dentures, and HP is not associated with oral health status or dental plaque removal practices.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Bago I, Bago J, Plecko V, et al. The effectiveness of systemic eradication therapy against oral Helicobacter pylori. J Oral Pathol Med. 2011;40:428–32.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  104. Paterson WG. Extraesophageal complications of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Can J Gastroenterol. 1997;11:45B–50B.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  105. Kahrilas PY. Gastroesophageal reflux disease. JAMA. 1996;276:983–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. Rouev P, Chakarski I, Doskov D, et al. Laryngopharyngeal symptoms and gastroesophageal reflux disease. J Voice. 2005;19:476–80.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  107. Wong RKH, Hanson DG, Waring PJ, Shaw G. ENT Manifestations of gastroesophageal reflux. Am J Gastroentero. 2000;95:S15–22.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. Dworkin JP. Laryngitis: types, causes, and treatments. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2008;41:419–36.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  109. Koufman JA. The otolaryngologic manifestation of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Laryngoscope. 1991;10:1–78.

    Google Scholar 

  110. Koufman JA, Armin MR, Panetti M. Prevalence of reflux in 113 consecutive patients with laryngeal and voice disorders. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2000;123:385–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  111. Shaker R, Milbrath M, Ren J, et al. Esophagopharyngeal distribution of refluxed gastric acid in patients with reflux laryngitis. Gastroenterology. 1995;109:1575–82.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  112. Borkowski G, Sudhoff H, Koslowski F, et al. A possible role of Helicobacter pylori infection in the etiology of chronic laryngitis. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 1997;254:481–2.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  113. Tauber S, Gross M, Issing WJ. Association of laryngopharyngeal symptoms with gastroesophageal reflux disease. Laryngoscope. 2002;112:879–86.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  114. Talaat M, Gad MS, Magdy EA, et al. Helicobacter pylori infection and chronic, persistent cough: is there an association? J Laryngol Otol. 2007;121:962–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  115. Youssef TF, Ahmed MR. Treatment of clinically diagnosed laryngopharyngeal reflux disease. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2010;136:1089–92.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  116. Jaspersen D, Weber R, Diehl KL, et al. Is chronic laryngitis associated with Helicobacter pylori? Results of a prospective study? Z Gastroenterol. 1998;36:369–72.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Disclosure

No potential conflicts of interest relevant to this article were reported.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Asiye Kanbay.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Yemisen, M., Mete, B., Kanbay, A. et al. The Role of Helicobacter pylori in Upper Respiratory System Infections: Is it More Than Colonization?. Curr Infect Dis Rep 14, 128–136 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11908-012-0237-9

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11908-012-0237-9

Keywords

Navigation