Abstract
The effective treatment of hypertension is associated with improved mortality and morbidity from diseases such as stroke, congestive heart failure, and renal failure. Use of medications that target the renin-angiotensin system for the treatment of hypertension can often achieve the desired decrease in blood pressure while causing a minimum of unwanted side effects. In this paper, the principles of the renin-angiotensin system antagonism are described. The approach to using these medications is discussed with special attention to specific indications as well as common side effects.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bertel O, Buhler F, Kiowski W: Decreased beta-adrenoreceptor responsiveness as related to age, blood pressure, and plasma catecholamines in patients with essential hypertension. Hypertension 1980, 2:130–138.
Goldberg J, Flowerdew G, Smith E, et al.: Factors associated with age-related macular degeneration: an analysis of data from the first national Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Am J Epidemiol 1980, 128:700–710.
Bisognano J, Weder A: Recognition and treatment of hypertensive heart disease in the older person. Clin Geriatr 1997, 5:33–50.
JNC VI: Sixth Report of the Joint National Commission on Prevention, Detection and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. Arch Intern Med 1997, 157:2413–2446.
Gavras H: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition and its impact on cardiovascular disease. Circulation 1990, 81:381–388.
Zimmerman B, Raich PC, Vavrek R, Stewart J: Bradykinin contribution to renal blood flow effect of angiotensinconverting enzyme inhibitor in the conscious sodium restricted dog. Circ Res 1990, 66:234–240.
Bisognano J, Horwitz L: Combination therapy with an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and an angiotensin II receptor antagonist for severe, refractory essential hypertension. West J Med 1998, 168:272–274.
Boulet L, Milot J, Lampron N, Lacourciere Y: Pulmonary function and airway responsiveness during long-term therapy with captopril. JAMA 1989, 261:413–416.
The SOLVD Investigators: Effect of enalapril on survival in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fractions and congestive heart failure. N Engl J Med 1991, 35:293–302.
Dunn F, Oigman W, Ventura H: Enalapril improves systemic and renal hemodynamics and allows regression of left ventricular mass in essential hypertension. Am J Cardiol 1984, 53:105–108.
Wagstaff AJ, Davis R, McTavish D: Fosinopril: a reappraisal of its pharmacology and therapeutic efficacy in essential hypertension. Drugs 1996, 51:777–791.
Goodfriend TL, Elliott ME, Catt KJ: Angiotensin receptors and their antagonists. N Engl J Med 1996, 334:1649–1654.
Hanssens M, Keirse MJ, Vankelecom F, Van Assche FA: Fetal and neonatal effects of treatment with angiotensinconverting enzyme inhibitors in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 1991, 128–135.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bisognano, J.D., Cody, R.J. The renin-angiotensin system antagonism in the treatment of hypertension. Current Science Inc 1, 275–277 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11906-999-0033-6
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11906-999-0033-6