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Hypothalamic Signaling in Body Fluid Homeostasis and Hypertension

  • Secondary Hypertension: Nervous System Mechanisms (M Wyss, Section Editor)
  • Published:
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Abstract

Purpose of Review

The central nervous system plays a pivotal role in the regulation of extracellular fluid volume and consequently arterial blood pressure. Key hypothalamic regions sense and integrate neurohumoral signals to subsequently alter intake (thirst and salt appetite) and output (renal excretion via neuroendocrine and autonomic function). Here, we review recent findings that provide new insight into such mechanisms that may represent new therapeutic targets.

Recent Findings

Implementation of cutting edge neuroscience approaches such as opto- and chemogenetics highlight pivotal roles of circumventricular organs to impact body fluid homeostasis. Key signaling mechanisms within these areas include the N-terminal variant of transient receptor potential vannilloid type-1, NaX, epithelial sodium channel, brain electroneutral transporters, and non-classical actions of vasopressin.

Summary

Despite the identification of several new mechanisms, future studies need to better define the neurochemical phenotype and molecular profiles of neurons within circumventricular organs for future therapeutic potential.

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Acknowledgements

The work of the authors was supported by National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Grants R01 HL113270 and R01 HL128388 (Sean D. Stocker), NIH F30 HL131269 (Brian J Kinsman), and American Heart Association Established Investigator Award (SDS) and Great Rivers Predoctoral Fellowship 14PRE1953001 (BJK).

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  1. Department of Medicine, Renal-Electrolyte Division, University of Pittsburgh Hypertension Center, University of Pittsburgh, 3550 Terrace Ave S976, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA

    Brian J. Kinsman, Haley N. Nation & Sean D. Stocker

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  1. Brian J. Kinsman
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  2. Haley N. Nation
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Correspondence to Sean D. Stocker.

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Drs. Kinsman and Stocker report grants from National Institutes of Health and from the American Heart Association. Dr. Nation declares no conflicts of interest relevant to this manuscript.

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This article is part of the Topical Collection on Secondary Hypertension: Nervous System Mechanisms

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Kinsman, B.J., Nation, H.N. & Stocker, S.D. Hypothalamic Signaling in Body Fluid Homeostasis and Hypertension. Curr Hypertens Rep 19, 50 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11906-017-0749-7

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