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Update on T-Cell Lymphoma Epidemiology

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Abstract

Purpose of Review

T-cell lymphomas (TCLs) are a group of rare subtypes of non-Hodgkin lymphoma derived from mature T-lymphocytes. Recent updates in lymphoma classification based on the cell-of-origin pathogenesis have shed new light on TCL epidemiology and outcomes. Contemporary regional consortia and international studies, including those conducted recently in Asia and South America, have provided an updated delineation of the major subtypes across various global regions.

Recent Findings

Peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (PTCL-NOS), remains the most common subtype globally except in Asia, where extra-nodal NK-T cell lymphoma (ENKTL) has emerged as the most prevalent. Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) is the second most common subtype globally except in South America where its incidence falls behind adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) and ENKTL. ALK-negative anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) has been recognized as the second most common subtype in some parts of South America. Studies on the newly classified breast implant-associated ALCL (BIA-ALCL) are beginning to reveal its distribution and risk factors.

Summary

Deciphering the epidemiology of TCLs is a challenging endeavor due to the rarity of these entities and ongoing refinement in classification. Collaborative efforts on prospective registries based on the most current WHO classifications will help capture the true epidemiology of TCL subtypes to better focus resources for diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic efforts.

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Author notes

  1. Jane J. Chen and Franco Castillo Tokumori contribute equally.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA

    Jane J. Chen

  2. Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1305 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA

    Franco Castillo Tokumori & Jia Ruan

  3. Division of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA

    Christina Del Guzzo & Jeanyoung Kim

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JJC, FCT, and JR wrote the manuscript text and prepared the table. All authors edited and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Jia Ruan.

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Chen, J.J., Tokumori, F.C., Del Guzzo, C. et al. Update on T-Cell Lymphoma Epidemiology. Curr Hematol Malig Rep (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11899-024-00727-w

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