Abstract
This study cross-validates a 13-question version of the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale proposed by Reynolds (1982), using law enforcement professionals (n = 241). A rational is offered for the importance of scales of this nature being used to assess honesty, social desirability and self-deception. External validity indicators including concurrent measures of aggression and prejudice as well as prehire MMPI scales K and L on a subset of this sample (n = 70) are reviewed. Correlations between the 13-question version of the Marlowe-Crowne and external measures demonstrate robust effect sizes and statistical significance. Comparisons are also examined between officer scores and students from another cross-validation study of the 13-question short form of the Marlowe-Crowne (Zook & Sipps, 1984). Conclusions are made in consideration of the importance of honesty in law enforcement testing as well as the need for better means of accounting for variance due to social desirability in testing. Future directions for research are suggested.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ballard R (1992) Short forms of the Marlowe-Crowne social desirability scale. Psychol Rep 71:1155–1160
Blau TH (1994) Psychological services for law enforcement. Wiley, New York
Boes JO, Chandler CJ, Timm HW (1997) Police integrity: Use of personality measures to identify corruption prone officers. Defense Personnel Security Research Center, Monterey
Borum R, Stock H (1993) Detection of deception in law enforcement applicants: A preliminary investigation. Law Hum Behav 17(2):157–166
Buss A, Perry M (1992) The aggression questionnaire. J Pers Soc Psychol 63(3):452–459
Butcher JN, Graham JR, Ben-Porath YS, Tellegen A, Dahlstrom WG, Kaemmer B (2001) MMPI-2 manual for administration and scoring (Revised edition). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press
Crowne D, Marlowe D (1960) A new scale of social desirability independent of psychopathology. J Consult Clin Psychol 24:349–354
Donovan JJ, Dwight SA, Hurtz GM (2003) An assessment of the prevalence, severity, and verifiability of entry-level applicant faking using the randomized response technique. Hum Perform 16:81–106
Fraboni M, Cooper D (1989) Further validation of three short forms of the Marlowe-Crowne Scale of Social Desirability. Psychol Rep 65(2):595–600
Graham JR (2011) MMPI-2: assessing personality and psychopathology, 5th edn. Oxford University Press, New York
Greenberg BE (1999) Predicting level of aggression and stress in law enforcement professionals using prehire MMPI scores: Testing a vulnerability hypothesis. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California
Greenberg BE, Riggs M, Bryant F, Smith B (2003) Validation of a short aggression inventory for law enforcement. J Police Crim Psychol 18(2):12–19
Herndon J (1998) Correlates of the MMPI-2 L Scale: Elevations in a LEO selection test battery. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Society for Police and Criminal Psychology, Portland, OR
Hibler NS, Kurke MI (1995) Ensuring personal reliability through selection and training. In: Kurke M, Scrivner E (eds) Police psychology into the 21st century. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, pp 57–93
Loo R, Loewen P (2004) Confirmatory factor analyses of scores from full and short versions of the Marlowe-Crowne social desirability scale. J Appl Soc Psychol 34:2343–2352
Meehl PE, Hathaway SR (1946) The K factor as a suppressor variable in the MMPI. J Appl Psychol 30:525–564
Pedhazur EJ, Schmelkin LP (1991) Measurement, design, and analysis: an integrated approach. Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale
Reynolds WM (1982) Development of reliable and valid short forms of the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale. J Clin Psychol 8(1):119–125
Smith B, Bryant F (1997) A measurement model for the Buss-Perry Aggression Quesiontnaire. Poster session presented at the 105th Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association. Chicago, IL
Weiss WU, Davis R, Rostow C, Kinsman S (2003) The MMPI-2 L Scale as a tool in police selection. J Police Crim Psychol 18(1):57–60
Weiss PA, Vivian JE, Weiss WU, Davis R, Rostow C (2011) Exploring the MMPI-2 L scale cutoff in police selection. Manuscript submitted for publication.
Zook A, Sipps GJ (1985) Cross-validation of a short form of the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale. J Clin Psychol 41(2):236–238
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Appendix
Appendix
Marlowe Crowne Social Desirability Scale Short Form
Listed below are a number of statements concerning personal attitudes and traits. Read each item and decide whether the statement is true or false as it pertains to you personally.
-
1.
It is sometimes hard to go on with my work if I am not encouraged.
-
2.
I sometimes feel resentful when I don’t get my way.
-
3.
On a few occasions, I have given up doing something because I thought too little of my ability.
-
4.
There have been times when I felt like rebelling against people in authority even when I knew they were right.
-
5.
No matter who I’m talking to, I’m always a good listener.
-
6.
There have been occasions when I took advantage of someone.
-
7.
I’m always willing to admit it when I make a mistake.
-
8.
I sometimes try to get even rather than to forgive and forget.
-
9.
I am always courteous, even to people who are disagreeable.
-
10.
I have never been irked when people expressed ideas very different from my own.
-
11.
There have been times when I was quite jealous of the good fortune of others.
-
12.
I am sometimes irritated by people who ask favors of me.
-
13.
I have never deliberately said something that hurt someone’s feelings.
Note: Items given a score when true: 5, 7, 9, 10, and 13.
Items given a score when false: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 11, and 12.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Greenberg, B., Weiss, P. Validation of a Short Form of the Marlowe-Crowne for Use with Law Enforcement Personnel. J Police Crim Psych 27, 123–128 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11896-012-9100-z
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11896-012-9100-z