Abstract
The current study contributes to what is known about police officers’ attitudes toward rape. A survey was administered to 891 sworn police officers in two states in the southeastern United States. The surveys were designed to assess police officers’ acceptance of rape myths. It was hypothesized that police officers would be accepting of rape myths, which are inherently misogynistic. Attitudes toward rape were expected to vary according to educational attainment and experience with rape investigations, such that higher levels of education and more experience with rape investigations would lead to the rejection of rape myths. There was a significant difference in the acceptance of rape myths with varying levels of educational attainment and experience with rape investigations.
Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.Notes
It was later discovered that at least two of the four police departments that declined participation had launched sexual assault or domestic violence investigations against a police officer within the department.
References
Abbey A, Harnish RJ (1995) Perceptions of sexual intent: The role of gender, alcohol consumption, and rape supportive attitudes. Sex Roles 32:297–313
Bart PB (1979) Rape as a paradigm of sexism in society: Victimization and its discontents. Women's Stud Int Q 2:347–357
Bradley D, Walker N, Wilkie R (1986) Managing the police: law, organisation and democracy. Wheatsheaf, Brighton, UK
Brown JM, Campbell EA (1994) Stress and policing: sources and strategies. John Wiley, Chichester
Brown J, King J (1998) Gender differences in police officers attitudes towards rape: Results of an exploratory study. Psychol. Crime Law 4:265–279
Burt MR (1980) Cultural myths and support for rape. J Pers Soc Psychol 38:217–230
Callan H (1989) Cultural factors in occupational stress. In Brown JM, Forde P (eds) Sources of non-traumatic stress in the police service. London: Police Requirements Support Unit, Home Office
Campbell R (1995) The role of work experience and individual beliefs in police officers’ perceptions of date rape: An integration of quantitative and qualitative methods. Am J Community Psychol 23(2):249–277
Campbell R, Johnson CR (1997) Police officers’ perceptions of rape: Is there consistency between state law and individual beliefs? J Interpers Violence 12(2):255–274
Carter DL, Sapp AD (1990) Higher education as a policy alternative to reduce police liability. Police Liabil Rev 2:1–3
Cohen B, Chaiken JM (1972) Police background characteristics and performance. Rand Institute, New York
Connell RW (1987) Gender and power. Polity, Cambridge
Connell RW (1995) Masculinities. University of California Press, Los Angeles
Connell RW (2002) Gender (Short Introductions). Polity Press, Cambridge, UK
Daum J, Johns C (1994) Police work from a woman’s perspective. The Police Chief 61:46–69
Feldman-Summers S, Palmer GC (1980) Rape as viewed by judges, prosecutors, and police officers. Crim Justice Behav 7(1):19–40
Field HS (1978) Attitudes toward rape: A comparative analysis of police, rapists, crisis counselors, and citizens. J Pers Soc Psychol 36(2):156–179
Fielding N (1994) Cop canteen culture. In Newburn TA, Stanko EA (eds) Just boys doing business? men, masculinities and crime. Routledge, London
Frewin K, Tuffin K (1998) Police status, conformity and internal pressure: A discursive analysis of police culture. Discourse Soc 9(2):173–185
Galton ER (1975) Police processing of rape complaints: A case study. Am J Crim Law 4(1):15–30
Gottesman ST (1977) Police attitudes toward rape before and after a training program. J Psychiatr Nurs Ment Health Serv 15:14–18
Hazelwood RR, Burgess AW (eds) (1995) Practical Aspects of Rape Investigation: A Multidisciplinary Approach, 2nd ed. CRC Press, New York
Herbert S (1997) Policing space: territoriality and the Los Angeles police department. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, MN
Herbert S (1998) Police subculture reconsidered. Criminology 36(2):343–369
Holdaway S (1983) Inside the British Police: a force at work. Basil Blackwell, Oxford
Johnson BE, Kuck DL, Schander PR (1997) Rape myth acceptance and sociodemographic characteristics: A multisimensional analysis. Sex Roles 36(11/12):693–707
Kopper BA (1996) Gender, gender identity, rape myth acceptance, and time of initial resistance on the perception of acquaintance rape blame and avoidability. Sex Roles 34(1/2):81–93
Krimmel JT (1996) The performance of college-educated police: A study of self-rated police performance measures. Am J Police 15:85–96
LaFree GD (1989) Rape and criminal justice: the social construction of sexual assault. Wadsworth Publishing, Belmont, CA
LeDoux JC, Hazelwood RR (1985) Police attitudes and beliefs toward rape. J Police Sci Adm 13(3):211–220
Lersch KM, Kunzman LL (2001) Misconduct allegations and higher education in a southern sheriff’s department. Am J Crim Justice 25(2):161–172
Lonsway KA, Welch S, Fitzgerald LF (2001) Police training in sexual assault response: Process, outcomes, and elements of change. Crim Justice Behav 28(6):695–730
Martin S (1989) Women in policing: The eighties and beyond. In Kenney D (ed.) Police and policing contemporary issues. Praeger, New York
McNamara RP (1999) The socialization of the police. In Kenney DJ, McNamara RP (eds.) Police and policing: contemporary issues, 2nd ed. Praeger, Westport, CT
Messerschmidt JW (2000) Nine lives: adolescent masculinities, the body, and violence. Westview Press, Boulder, CO
Mori L, Bernat JA, Glenn PA, Selle LL, Zarate MG (1995) Attitudes toward rape: Gender and ethnic differences across Asian and Caucasian college students. Sex Roles 32(7/8):457–467
Mottaz C (1983) Alienation among police officers. J Police Sci Adm 11:23–30
Muram D, Hellman R, Cassinello B (1995) Prevalence of negative attitudes among police officers toward rape victims. Adolesc Pediatr Gynecol 8(2):89–91
Murrell ME, Lester D (1979) Masculinity in police officers. Psychol Rep 44:14
Roberg RR (1978) An analysis of the relationships among higher education, belief systems, and job performance of patrol officers. J Police Sci Adm 6:336–344
Roberg RR, Laramy JE (1980) An empirical assessment of the criteria utilized for promoting police personnel: a secondary analysis. J Police Sci Adm 8:183–187
Roberg R, Crank J, Kuykendall J (2004) Police and society, 2nd edn. Roxbury, Los Angeles, CA
Sanderson BB (1978) Police officers: The relationship of college education to job performance. The police chief 44:62
Schein E (1992) Organizational culture and leadership. Joey Bass Publishers, San Francisco, CA
Schulhofer SJ (1988) Criminal justice discretion as a regulatory system. J Legal Stud 17:43–82
Scott MB, Lyman SM (1968) Accounts. Am Sociol Rev 33:46–62
Smith SM, Aamodt MG (1997) The relationship between higher education, experience, and police performance. J Police Crim Psychol 12:7–14
Smith AB, Locke B, Walker WF (1968) Authoritarianism in police college students and non-police college students. J Crim Law Criminol Police Sci 59:440–443
Smith AB, Locke B, Fenster A (1970) Authoritarianism in policemen who are college graduates and non-college graduates. J Crim Law Criminol Police Sci 61:313–315
Spence JT, Helmreich R, Stapp J (1973) A short version of the Attitudes Toward Women Scale (AWS). Bull Psychon Soc 2:219–220
Stanko EA (1997) Safety talk: Conceptualizing women’s risk assessment as a ‘technology of the soul’. Theor Criminol 1(4):479–499
Timmins WM, Hainsworth BE (1989) Attracting and retaining females in law enforcement. Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol 33:197–205
Truxillo DM, Bennett SR, Collins ML (1998) College education and police job performance: a ten year study. Public Pers Manage 27(2):269–280
Tyre M, Braunstein S (1992) Higher education and ethical policing. FBI Law Enforc Bull, June:6–10
U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics (2006) Law enforcement management and administrative statistics: local police departments, 2003. U.S. Department of Justice, Washington, D.C.
Ward C (1995) Attitudes toward rape: feminist and social psychological perspectives. Sage, London
Weiner N (1976) The educated policeman. J Police Sci Adm, December:450–457
Weirman CL (1978) Variances of ability measurement scores obtained by college and non-college educated troopers. The Police Chief 45:34–36
Wilson H (1999) Post-secondary education of the police officer and its effect on the frequency of citizen complaints. Journal of California Law Enforcement 33:3–10
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Page, A.D. Behind the Blue Line: Investigating Police Officers’ Attitudes Toward Rape. J Police Crim Psych 22, 22–32 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11896-007-9002-7
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11896-007-9002-7