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Refractory Celiac Disease

  • Small Intestine (A Stein and D Sachar, Section Editors)
  • Published:
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Abstract

Purpose of Review

To review the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, management, and prognosis of refractory celiac disease, with a specific emphasis on recent literature.

Recent Findings

While the pathophysiology of type I refractory celiac disease remains unclear, there have been advances in the understanding of the pathophysiology of type II refractory celiac disease. This has included recognition of the significant role of interleukin-15 and somatic mutations in JAK1 or STAT3 in the proliferation of aberrant T cells. This in turn has led to potential novel therapies targeting these factors, one of which has reached the clinical trial stage.

Summary

The morbidity and mortality associated with type II refractory celiac disease remain significant; however, recent advances in the understanding of the pathophysiology of this condition have led to potential therapeutic options that should be investigated.

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Papers of particular interest, published recently, have been highlighted as: • Of importance •• Of major importance

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA

    Isabel A. Hujoel & Joseph A. Murray

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  1. Isabel A. Hujoel
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  2. Joseph A. Murray
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Correspondence to Joseph A. Murray.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Funding Information

Joseph A. Murray receives grant support from; Nexpep/ImmusanT Inc., National Institutes of Health, Immunogenix, Takeda Pharmaceutical Inc., Allakos Inc., Oberkotter Foundation, Cour Inc.; is a consultant to Bionix, Lilly Research Laboratory, Johnson & Johnson, Dr. Schar USA Inc., UCB Biopharma, Innovate Biopharmaceuticals, Glenmark Pharmaceuticals, Celimmune, Amgen Intrexon Corporation, Kanyos, and Boehringer Ingelheim; holds patents licensed to Evelo Biosciences Inc.; and receives royalties from Torax Medical.

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Hujoel, I.A., Murray, J.A. Refractory Celiac Disease. Curr Gastroenterol Rep 22, 18 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11894-020-0756-8

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