Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

How to Image and Manage Prosthesis-Related Complications After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement

  • Structural Heart Disease (RJ Siegel and NC Wunderlich, Section Editors)
  • Published:
Current Cardiology Reports Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose of review

In this review, we provide an overview of potential prosthesis — related complications after transcatheter aortic valve replacement, their incidences, the imaging modalities best suited for detection, and possible strategies to manage these complications.

Recent findings

Therapy for severe aortic valve stenosis requiring intervention has increasingly evolved toward transcatheter aortic valve replacement over the past decade, and the number of procedures performed has increased steadily in recent years. As more and more centers favor a minimalistic approach and largely dispense with general anesthesia and intra-procedural imaging by transesophageal echocardiography, post-procedural imaging is becoming increasingly important to promptly detect dysfunction of the transcatheter valve and potential complications.

Summary

Complications after transcatheter aortic valve replacement must be detected immediately in order to initiate adequate therapeutic measures, which require a profound knowledge of possible complications that may occur after transcatheter aortic valve replacement, the imaging modalities best suited for detection, and available treatment options.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

2D:

Two-dimensional

3D:

Three-dimensional

AR:

Aortic regurgitation

AS:

Aortic stenosis

BEV:

Balloon-expandable valve

CCT:

Cardiac computed tomography

CMR:

Cardiac magnetic resonance

DMR:

Degenerative mitral regurgitation

ECG:

Electrocardiogram

EROA:

Effective regurgitant orifice area

FMR:

Functional mitral regurgitation

HALT:

Hypo-attenuating leaflet thickening

IE:

Infective endocarditis

LVOT:

Left ventricular outflow tract

LV:

Left ventricle

MDCT:

Multidetector computed tomography

MR:

Mitral regurgitation

PPM:

Prosthesis-patient mismatch

PVL:

Paravalvular leak

SAVR:

Surgical aortic valve replacement

SEV:

Self-expanding valve

TAV:

Transcatheter aortic valve

TAVR:

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement

TEE:

Transesophageal echocardiography

TTE:

Transthoracic echocardiography

VARC:

Valve Academic Research Consortium

References

Papers of particular interest, published recently, have been highlighted as: • Of importance •• Of major importance

  1. •• Carroll JD, Mack MJ, Vemulapalli S, Herrmann HC, Gleason TG, Hanzel G, et al. STS-ACC TVT Registry of transcatheter aortic valve replacement. Ann Thorac Surg. 2021;111(2):701–722 It is the most comprehensive evaluation of complications after TAVR, including 276,316 patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacenment.

  2. Leon MB, Smith CR, Mack MJ, Makkar RR, Svensson LG, Kodali SK, et al. Transcatheter or surgical aortic-valve replacement in intermediate-risk patients. N Engl J Med. 2016;374(17):1609–20.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Reardon MJ, Van Mieghem NM, Popma JJ, Kleiman NS, Søndergaard L, Mumtaz M, et al. Surgical or transcatheter aortic-valve replacement in intermediate-risk patients. N Engl J Med. 2017;376(14):1321–31.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. •• Mack MJ, Leon MB, Thourani VH, Makkar R, Kodali SK, Russo M, et al. Transcatheter aortic-valve replacement with a balloon-expandable valve in low-risk patients. N Engl J Med. 2019;380(18):1695–705 This study was the first to evaluate TAVR patients with low surgical risk.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Popma JJ, Deeb GM, Yakubov SJ, Mumtaz M, Gada H, O'Hair D, et al. Transcatheter aortic-valve replacement with a self-expanding valve in low-risk patients. N Engl J Med. 2019;380(18):1706–15.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Coylewright M, Forrest JK, McCabe JM, Nazif TM. TAVR in low-risk patients: FDA approval, the New NCD, and shared decision-making. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020;75(10):1208–11.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Waksman R, Corso PJ, Torguson R, Gordon P, Ehsan A, Wilson SR, et al. TAVR in low-risk patients: 1-year results from the LRT trial. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2019;12(10):901–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Durko AP, Osnabrugge RL, Van Mieghem NM, Milojevic M, Mylotte D, Nkomo VT, et al. Annual number of candidates for transcatheter aortic valve implantation per country: current estimates and future projections. Eur Heart J. 2018;39(28):2635–42.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Ramineni R, Almomani A, Kumar A, Ahmad M. Role of multimodality imaging in transcatheter aortic valve replacement. Echocardiography (Mount Kisco, NY). 2015;32(4):677–98.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Bloomfield GS, Gillam LD, Hahn RT, Kapadia S, Leipsic J, Lerakis S, et al. A practical guide to multimodality imaging of transcatheter aortic valve replacement. J Am Coll Cardiol Img. 2012;5(4):441–55.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Al-Najafi S, Sanchez F, Lerakis S. The crucial role of cardiac imaging in transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR): pre- and post-procedural assessment. Curr Treat Options Cardiovasc Med. 2016;18(12):70.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Liu Q, Hahn RT. The role of multimodality imaging in transcatheter aortic valve replacement. Curr Cardiol Rep. 2019;21(8):84.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Hahn RT, Little SH, Monaghan MJ, Kodali SK, Williams M, Leon MB, et al. Recommendations for comprehensive intraprocedural echocardiographic imaging during TAVR. J Am Coll Cardiol Img. 2015;8(3):261–87.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Zamorano J, Goncalves A, Lancellotti P, Andersen KA, Gonzalez-Gomez A, Monaghan M, et al. The use of imaging in new transcatheter interventions: an EACVI review paper. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2016;17(8):835–af.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Brouwer J, Ten Berg JM, Rensing B, Swaans MJ. First use of futuristic image fusion technology during transcatheter aortic valve replacement. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2019;12(21):2223–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Reynolds MR, Magnuson EA, Lei Y, Wang K, Vilain K, Li H, et al. Cost-effectiveness of transcatheter aortic valve replacement compared with surgical aortic valve replacement in high-risk patients with severe aortic stenosis: results of the PARTNER (placement of aortic transcatheter valves) trial (Cohort A). J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012;60(25):2683–92.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Gheorghe L, Brouwer J, Gutierrez A, Rensing B, Rana BS, Ten Berg JM, et al. Can TAVR be effectively and safely performed without intraprocedural TEE? Curr Cardiol Rep. 2020;22(9):80.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Kinno M, Cantey EP, Rigolin VH. The transition from transesophageal to transthoracic echocardiography during transcatheter aortic valve replacement: an evolving field. J Echocardiogr. 2019;17(1):25–34.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Marino M, Lilie CJ, Culp WC Jr, Schepel SR, Tippett JC. The evolution of echocardiographic type and anesthetic technique for transcatheter aortic valve replacement at a high-volume transcatheter aortic valve replacement center. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2019;33(1):29–35.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Chopra M, Luk NHV, De Backer O, Søndergaard L. Simplification and optimization of transcatheter aortic valve implantation - fast-track course without compromising safety and efficacy. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2018;18(1):231.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  21. Jensen HA, Condado JF, Devireddy C, Binongo J, Leshnower BG, Babaliaros V, et al. Minimalist transcatheter aortic valve replacement: the new standard for surgeons and cardiologists using transfemoral access? J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2015;150(4):833–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Babaliaros V, Devireddy C, Lerakis S, Leonardi R, Iturra SA, Mavromatis K, et al. Comparison of transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve replacement performed in the catheterization laboratory (minimalist approach) versus hybrid operating room (standard approach): outcomes and cost analysis. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2014;7(8):898–904.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Pendyala LK, Minha S, Barbash IM, Torguson R, Magalhaes MA, Okubagzi P, et al. Commercial versus PARTNER study experience with the transfemoral Edwards SAPIEN valve for inoperable patients with severe aortic stenosis. Am J Cardiol. 2014;113(2):342–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Motloch LJ, Rottlaender D, Reda S, Larbig R, Bruns M, Müller-Ehmsen J, et al. Local versus general anesthesia for transfemoral aortic valve implantation. Clin Res Cardiol. 2012;101(1):45–53.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Gurevich S, Oestreich B, Kelly RF, Mbai M, Bertog S, Ringsred K, et al. Outcomes of transcatheter aortic valve replacement using a minimalist approach. Cardiovasc Revascularization Med. 2018;19(2):192–5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Kamioka N, Wells J, Keegan P, Lerakis S, Binongo J, Corrigan F, et al. Predictors and clinical outcomes of next-day discharge after minimalist transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve replacement. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2018;11(2):107–15.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. •• Kappetein AP, Head SJ, Généreux P, Piazza N, van Mieghem NM, Blackstone EH, et al. Updated standardized endpoint definitions for transcatheter aortic valve implantation: the Valve Academic Research Consortium-2 consensus document. Eur Heart J. 2012;33(19):2403–18 This paper defines study endpoints and systematic recording of complications after TAVR.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Nishimura RA, Otto CM, Bonow RO, Carabello BA, Erwin JP 3rd, Fleisher LA, et al. 2017 AHA/ACC focused update of the 2014 AHA/ACC guideline for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2017;135(25):e1159–e95.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Lerakis S, Hayek SS, Douglas PS. Paravalvular aortic leak after transcatheter aortic valve replacement: current knowledge. Circulation. 2013;127(3):397–407.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Hahn RT, Kodali S, Tuzcu EM, Leon MB, Kapadia S, Gopal D, et al. Echocardiographic imaging of procedural complications during balloon-expandable transcatheter aortic valve replacement. J Am Coll Cardiol Img. 2015;8(3):288–318.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Kodali SK, Williams MR, Smith CR, Svensson LG, Webb JG, Makkar RR, et al. Two-year outcomes after transcatheter or surgical aortic-valve replacement. N Engl J Med. 2012;366(18):1686–95.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Tamburino C, Capodanno D, Ramondo A, Petronio AS, Ettori F, Santoro G, et al. Incidence and predictors of early and late mortality after transcatheter aortic valve implantation in 663 patients with severe aortic stenosis. Circulation. 2011;123(3):299–308.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Witkowski A, Jastrzebski J, Dabrowski M, Chmielak Z. Second transcatheter aortic valve implantation for treatment of suboptimal function of previously implanted prosthesis: review of the literature. J Interv Cardiol. 2014;27(3):300–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Sinning JM, Hammerstingl C, Vasa-Nicotera M, Adenauer V, Lema Cachiguango SJ, Scheer AC, et al. Aortic regurgitation index defines severity of peri-prosthetic regurgitation and predicts outcome in patients after transcatheter aortic valve implantation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012;59(13):1134–41.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Abdel-Wahab M, Zahn R, Horack M, Gerckens U, Schuler G, Sievert H, et al. Aortic regurgitation after transcatheter aortic valve implantation: incidence and early outcome. Results from the German transcatheter aortic valve interventions registry. Heart. 2011;97(11):899–906.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Zahn R, Gerckens U, Grube E, Linke A, Sievert H, Eggebrecht H, et al. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation: first results from a multi-centre real-world registry. Eur Heart J. 2011;32(2):198–204.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Gotzmann M, Korten M, Bojara W, Lindstaedt M, Rahlmann P, Mügge A, et al. Long-term outcome of patients with moderate and severe prosthetic aortic valve regurgitation after transcatheter aortic valve implantation. Am J Cardiol. 2012;110(10):1500–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Winter MP, Bartko P, Hofer F, Zbiral M, Burger A, Ghanim B, et al. Evolution of outcome and complications in TAVR: a meta-analysis of observational and randomized studies. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):15568.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  39. Bocksch W, Grossmann B, Geisler T, Steeg M, Droppa M, Jorbenadze R, et al. Clinical outcome and paravalvular leakage of the new balloon-expandable Edwards Sapien 3 valve in comparison to its predecessor model (Edwards Sapien XT) in patients undergoing transfemoral aortic valve replacement. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2016;88(3):466–75.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Ando T, Briasoulis A, Holmes AA, Taub CC, Takagi H, Afonso L. Sapien 3 versus Sapien XT prosthetic valves in transcatheter aortic valve implantation: a meta-analysis. Int J Cardiol. 2016;220:472–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Binder RK, Stortecky S, Heg D, Tueller D, Jeger R, Toggweiler S, et al. Procedural results and clinical outcomes of transcatheter aortic valve implantation in Switzerland: an observational cohort study of Sapien 3 versus Sapien XT transcatheter heart valves. Circ Cardiovasc Interv. 2015;8(10).

  42. Yang TH, Webb JG, Blanke P, Dvir D, Hansson NC, Nørgaard BL, et al. Incidence and severity of paravalvular aortic regurgitation with multidetector computed tomography nominal area oversizing or undersizing after transcatheter heart valve replacement with the Sapien 3: a comparison with the Sapien XT. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2015;8(3):462–71.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Meredith IT, Dumonteil N, Blackman DJ, Tchétché D, Walters DL, Hildick-Smith D, et al. Repositionable percutaneous aortic valve implantation with the LOTUS valve: 30-day and 1-year outcomes in 250 high-risk surgical patients. EuroIntervention. 2017;13(7):788–95.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Vasa-Nicotera M, Sinning JM, Chin D, Lim TK, Spyt T, Jilaihawi H, et al. Impact of paravalvular leakage on outcome in patients after transcatheter aortic valve implantation. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2012;5(8):858–65.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. • Pibarot P, Hahn RT, Weissman NJ, Monaghan MJ. Assessment of paravalvular regurgitation following TAVR: a proposal of unifying grading scheme. J Am Coll Cardiol Img. 2015;8(3):340–60 A structured procedure for characterization and quantification of paravalvular leaks is proposed.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Gabriel RS, Renapurkar R, Bolen MA, Verhaert D, Leiber M, Flamm SD, et al. Comparison of severity of aortic regurgitation by cardiovascular magnetic resonance versus transthoracic echocardiography. Am J Cardiol. 2011;108(7):1014–20.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Hartlage GR, Babaliaros VC, Thourani VH, Hayek S, Chrysohoou C, Ghasemzadeh N, et al. The role of cardiovascular magnetic resonance in stratifying paravalvular leak severity after transcatheter aortic valve replacement: an observational outcome study. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson. 2014;16(1):93.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  48. Ruiz CE, Jelnin V, Kronzon I, Dudiy Y, Del Valle-Fernandez R, Einhorn BN, et al. Clinical outcomes in patients undergoing percutaneous closure of periprosthetic paravalvular leaks. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011;58(21):2210–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Vavuranakis M, Vrachatis D, Stefanadis C. CoreValve aortic bioprosthesis: repositioning techniques. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2010;3(5):565 author reply -6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Jabbour A, Ismail TF, Moat N, Gulati A, Roussin I, Alpendurada F, et al. Multimodality imaging in transcatheter aortic valve implantation and post-procedural aortic regurgitation: comparison among cardiovascular magnetic resonance, cardiac computed tomography, and echocardiography. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011;58(21):2165–73.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Jilaihawi H, Chin D, Spyt T, Jeilan M, Vasa-Nicotera M, Mohamed N, et al. Comparison of complete versus incomplete stent frame expansion after transcatheter aortic valve implantation with Medtronic CoreValve bioprosthesis. Am J Cardiol. 2011;107(12):1830–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Nombela-Franco L, Rodés-Cabau J, DeLarochellière R, Larose E, Doyle D, Villeneuve J, et al. Predictive factors, efficacy, and safety of balloon post-dilation after transcatheter aortic valve implantation with a balloon-expandable valve. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2012;5(5):499–512.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Ussia GP, Barbanti M, Ramondo A, Petronio AS, Ettori F, Santoro G, et al. The valve-in-valve technique for treatment of aortic bioprosthesis malposition an analysis of incidence and 1-year clinical outcomes from the italian CoreValve registry. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011;57(9):1062–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Giri J, Bortnick AE, Wallen T, Walsh E, Bannan A, Desai N, et al. Procedural and clinical outcomes of the valve-in-valve technique for severe aortic insufficiency after balloon-expandable transcatheter aortic valve replacement. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2012;80(1):139–47.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Toggweiler S, Wood DA, Rodés-Cabau J, Kapadia S, Willson AB, Ye J, et al. Transcatheter valve-in-valve implantation for failed balloon-expandable transcatheter aortic valves. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2012;5(5):571–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Unbehaun A, Pasic M, Dreysse S, Drews T, Kukucka M, Mladenow A, et al. Transapical aortic valve implantation: incidence and predictors of paravalvular leakage and transvalvular regurgitation in a series of 358 patients. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012;59(3):211–21.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Thomas M, Schymik G, Walther T, Himbert D, Lefèvre T, Treede H, et al. Thirty-day results of the SAPIEN aortic Bioprosthesis European Outcome (SOURCE) Registry: a European registry of transcatheter aortic valve implantation using the Edwards SAPIEN valve. Circulation. 2010;122(1):62–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Makkar RR, Jilaihawi H, Chakravarty T, Fontana GP, Kapadia S, Babaliaros V, et al. Determinants and outcomes of acute transcatheter valve-in-valve therapy or embolization: a study of multiple valve implants in the U.S. PARTNER trial (Placement of AoRTic TraNscathetER Valve Trial Edwards SAPIEN Transcatheter Heart Valve). J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;62(5):418–30.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Kempfert J, Rastan AJ, Schuler G, Linke A, Holzhey D, van Linden A, et al. A second prosthesis as a procedural rescue option in trans-apical aortic valve implantation. Eur J Cardio-thorac Surg. 2011;40(1):56–60.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  60. Waterbury TM, Reeder GS, Pislaru SV, Cabalka AK, Rihal CS, Eleid MF. Techniques and outcomes of paravalvular leak repair after transcatheter aortic valve replacement. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2017;90(5):870–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Makkar RR, Fontana G, Jilaihawi H, Chakravarty T, Kofoed KF, De Backer O, et al. Possible subclinical leaflet thrombosis in bioprosthetic aortic valves. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(21):2015–24.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Hansson NC, Grove EL, Andersen HR, Leipsic J, Mathiassen ON, Jensen JM, et al. Transcatheter aortic valve thrombosis: incidence, predisposing factors, and clinical implications. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;68(19):2059–69.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Pache G, Schoechlin S, Blanke P, Dorfs S, Jander N, Arepalli CD, et al. Early hypo-attenuated leaflet thickening in balloon-expandable transcatheter aortic heart valves. Eur Heart J. 2016;37(28):2263–71.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Chakravarty T, Søndergaard L, Friedman J, De Backer O, Berman D, Kofoed KF, et al. Subclinical leaflet thrombosis in surgical and transcatheter bioprosthetic aortic valves: an observational study. Lancet. 2017;389(10087):2383–92.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Marwan M, Mekkhala N, Göller M, Röther J, Bittner D, Schuhbaeck A, et al. Leaflet thrombosis following transcatheter aortic valve implantation. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr. 2018;12(1):8–13.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Vollema EM, Kong WKF, Katsanos S, Kamperidis V, van Rosendael PJ, van der Kley F, et al. Transcatheter aortic valve thrombosis: the relation between hypo-attenuated leaflet thickening, abnormal valve haemodynamics, and stroke. Eur Heart J. 2017;38(16):1207–17.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Latib A, Naganuma T, Abdel-Wahab M, Danenberg H, Cota L, Barbanti M, et al. Treatment and clinical outcomes of transcatheter heart valve thrombosis. Circ Cardiovasc Interv. 2015;8(4).

  68. Jose J, Sulimov DS, El-Mawardy M, Sato T, Allali A, Holy EW, et al. Clinical bioprosthetic heart valve thrombosis after transcatheter aortic valve replacement: incidence, characteristics, and treatment outcomes. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2017;10(7):686–97.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Leetmaa T, Hansson NC, Leipsic J, Jensen K, Poulsen SH, Andersen HR, et al. Early aortic transcatheter heart valve thrombosis: diagnostic value of contrast-enhanced multidetector computed tomography. Circ Cardiovasc Interv. 2015;8(4).

  70. Yanagisawa R, Hayashida K, Yamada Y, Tanaka M, Yashima F, Inohara T, et al. Incidence, predictors, and mid-term outcomes of possible leaflet thrombosis after TAVR. J Am Coll Cardiol Img. 2016;8(16):30897-X. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcmg.2016.11.005. Online ahead of print.

  71. Spartera M, Ancona F, Barletta M, Rosa I, Stella S, Marini C, et al. Echocardiographic features of post-transcatheter aortic valve implantation thrombosis and endocarditis. Echocardiography (Mount Kisco, NY). 2018;35(3):337–45.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  72. Jilaihawi H, Asch FM, Manasse E, Ruiz CE, Jelnin V, Kashif M, et al. Systematic CT Methodology for the evaluation of subclinical leaflet thrombosis. J Am Coll Cardiol Img. 2017;10(4):461–70.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  73. Ruile P, Jander N, Blanke P, Schoechlin S, Reinöhl J, Gick M, et al. Course of early subclinical leaflet thrombosis after transcatheter aortic valve implantation with or without oral anticoagulation. Clin Res Cardiol. 2017;106(2):85–95.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. •• Capodanno D, Petronio AS, Prendergast B, Eltchaninoff H, Vahanian A, Modine T, et al. Standardized definitions of structural deterioration and valve failure in assessing long-term durability of transcatheter and surgical aortic bioprosthetic valves: a consensus statement from the European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions (EAPCI) endorsed by the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS). Eur Heart J. 2017;38(45):3382–90 Structural valve deterioration and valve failure is defined.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Deutsch MA, Erlebach M, Burri M, Hapfelmeier A, Witt OG, Ziegelmueller JA, et al. Beyond the five-year horizon: long-term outcome of high-risk and inoperable patients undergoing TAVR with first-generation devices. EuroIntervention. 2018;14(1):41–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Panico RA, Giannini C, De Carlo M, Angelillis M, Spontoni P, Pieroni A, et al. Long-term results and durability of the CoreValve transcatheter aortic bioprosthesis: outcomes beyond five years. EuroIntervention. 2019;14(16):1639–47.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Teshima H, Akasu K, Arinaga K, Aoyagi S, Tanaka H. Diagnosis of structural deterioration in an aortic bioprosthetic valve by multidetector row computed tomography: report of a case. Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2014;20(Suppl):697–701.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Dvir D, Webb J, Brecker S, Bleiziffer S, Hildick-Smith D, Colombo A, et al. Transcatheter aortic valve replacement for degenerative bioprosthetic surgical valves: results from the global valve-in-valve registry. Circulation. 2012;126(19):2335–44.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Schmidt T, Frerker C, Alessandrini H, Schlüter M, Kreidel F, Schäfer U, et al. Redo TAVI: initial experience at two German centres. EuroIntervention. 2016;12(7):875–82.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Buzzatti N, Montorfano M, Romano V, De Backer O, Søndergaard L, Rosseel L, et al. A computed tomography study of coronary access and coronary obstruction after redo transcatheter aortic valve implantation. EuroIntervention. 2020;16(12):e1005–e13.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Tang GHL, Zaid S, Gupta E, Ahmad H, Khan A, Kovacic JC, et al. Feasibility of repeat TAVR after SAPIEN 3 TAVR: a novel classification scheme and pilot angiographic study. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2019;12(13):1290–2.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Nai Fovino L, Scotti A, Massussi M, Cardaioli F, Rodinò G, Matsuda Y, et al. Coronary angiography after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) to evaluate the risk of coronary access impairment after TAVR-in-TAVR. J Am Heart Assoc. 2020;9(13):e016446.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  83. Fujita B, Schmidt T, Bleiziffer S, Bauer T, Beckmann A, Bekeredjian R, et al. Impact of new pacemaker implantation following surgical and transcatheter aortic valve replacement on 1-year outcome. Eur J Cardio-thorac Surg. 2020;57(1):151–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  84. •• Kusumoto FM, Schoenfeld MH, Barrett C, Edgerton JR, Ellenbogen KA, Gold MR, et al. 2018 ACC/AHA/HRS guideline on the evaluation and management of patients with bradycardia and cardiac conduction delay: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019;74(7):e51–e156 Current american guidelines on the management of patients with bradycardia and conduction delay.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. •• Brignole M, Auricchio A, Baron-Esquivias G, Bordachar P, Boriani G, Breithardt OA, et al. ESC Guidelines on cardiac pacing and cardiac resynchronization therapy: the task force on cardiac pacing and resynchronization therapy of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Developed in collaboration with the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA). Eur Heart J. 2013;34(29):2281–329 Current ESC guidelines on cardiac pacing.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. Dayan V, Vignolo G, Soca G, Paganini JJ, Brusich D, Pibarot P. Predictors and outcomes of prosthesis-patient mismatch after aortic valve replacement. J Am Coll Cardiol Img. 2016;9(8):924–33.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  87. Pibarot P, Weissman NJ, Stewart WJ, Hahn RT, Lindman BR, McAndrew T, et al. Incidence and sequelae of prosthesis-patient mismatch in transcatheter versus surgical valve replacement in high-risk patients with severe aortic stenosis: a PARTNER trial cohort--a analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;64(13):1323–34.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  88. Bilkhu R, Jahangiri M, Otto CM. Patient-prosthesis mismatch following aortic valve replacement. Heart. 2019;105(Suppl 2):s28–33.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. Bleiziffer S, Eichinger WB, Hettich I, Guenzinger R, Ruzicka D, Bauernschmitt R, et al. Prediction of valve prosthesis-patient mismatch prior to aortic valve replacement: which is the best method? Heart. 2007;93(5):615–20.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  90. Tsuruta H, Hayashida K, Yashima F, Yanagisawa R, Tanaka M, Arai T, et al. Incidence, predictors, and midterm clinical outcomes of left ventricular obstruction after transcatheter aortic valve implantation. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2018;92(4):E288–e98.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  91. Marchel M, Szczerba E, Pędzich-Placha E, Huczek Z, Kochman J, Kochanowski J, et al. Left ventricular outflow obstruction after TAVR due to systolic anterior motion successfully treated with cardiac pacing. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2020;34(10):2718–21.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  92. Shenouda J, Silber D, Subramaniam M, Alkhatib B, Schwartz RK, Goncalves JA, et al. Evaluation and management of concomitant hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy and valvular aortic stenosis. Curr Treat Options Cardiovasc Med. 2016;18(3):17.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  93. Kitahara H, Mastuura K, Sugiura A, Yoshimura A, Muramatsu T, Tamura Y, et al. Recurrence of Left ventricular outflow tract obstruction requiring alcohol septal ablation after transcatheter aortic valve implantation. Case Rep Cardiol. 2018;2018:5026190.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  94. Grasso C, Scandura S, Buccheri S, Barbanti M, Di Salvo ME, Mangiafico S, et al. MitraClip implantation for the treatment of new-onset systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve after transcatheter aortic valve replacement. Ann Thorac Surg. 2016;102(6):e517–e9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  95. Cozzarin A, Cianciulli TF, Guidoin R, Zhang Z, Lax JA, Saccheri MC, et al. CoreValve prosthesis causes anterior mitral leaflet perforation resulting in severe mitral regurgitation. Can J Cardiol. 2014;30(9):1108.e11–3.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  96. Nappi F, Nenna A, Timofeeva I, Mihos C, Gentile F, Chello M. Mitral regurgitation after transcatheter aortic valve replacement. J Thorac Dis. 2020;12(5):2926–35.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  97. Cortés C, Amat-Santos IJ, Nombela-Franco L, Muñoz-Garcia AJ, Gutiérrez-Ibanes E, De La Torre Hernandez JM, et al. Mitral regurgitation after transcatheter aortic valve replacement: prognosis, imaging predictors, and potential management. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2016;9(15):1603–14.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  98. •• Baumgartner H, Falk V, Bax JJ, De Bonis M, Hamm C, Holm PJ, et al. ESC/EACTS Guidelines for the management of valvular heart disease. Eur Heart J. 2017;38(36):2739–91 Current European guidelines for the management of valvular heart disease.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  99. Pasic M, Unbehaun A, Dreysse S, Buz S, Drews T, Kukucka M, et al. Rupture of the device landing zone during transcatheter aortic valve implantation: a life-threatening but treatable complication. Circ Cardiovasc Interv. 2012;5(3):424–32.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  100. Hayashida K, Bouvier E, Lefèvre T. Successful management of annulus rupture in transcatheter aortic valve implantation. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2013;6(1):90–1.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  101. Hayashida K, Bouvier E, Lefèvre T, Hovasse T, Morice MC, Chevalier B, et al. Potential mechanism of annulus rupture during transcatheter aortic valve implantation. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2013;82(5):E742–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  102. Tsuda M, Mizote I, Mukai T, Sakata Y. Aortic root rupture during balloon-expandable transcatheter aortic valve replacement in a patient without recognized risk factors for aortic root rupture: a case report. Eur Heart J Case Rep. 2020;4(3):1–4.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  103. Condado JF, Corrigan FE 3rd, Lerakis S, Parastatidis I, Stillman AE, Binongo JN, et al. Anatomical risk models for paravalvular leak and landing zone complications for balloon-expandable transcatheter aortic valve replacement. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2017;90(4):690–700.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  104. Barbanti M, Yang TH, Rodès Cabau J, Tamburino C, Wood DA, Jilaihawi H, et al. Anatomical and procedural features associated with aortic root rupture during balloon-expandable transcatheter aortic valve replacement. Circulation. 2013;128(3):244–53.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  105. Ribeiro HB, Nombela-Franco L, Urena M, Mok M, Pasian S, Doyle D, et al. Coronary obstruction following transcatheter aortic valve implantation: a systematic review. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2013;6(5):452–61.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  106. Ribeiro HB, Webb JG, Makkar RR, Cohen MG, Kapadia SR, Kodali S, et al. Predictive factors, management, and clinical outcomes of coronary obstruction following transcatheter aortic valve implantation: insights from a large multicenter registry. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;62(17):1552–62.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  107. Dvir D, Leipsic J, Blanke P, Ribeiro HB, Kornowski R, Pichard A, et al. Coronary obstruction in transcatheter aortic valve-in-valve implantation: preprocedural evaluation, device selection, protection, and treatment. Circ Cardiovasc Interv. 2015;8(1);8(1):e002079. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.114.002079.

  108. Collet JP, Thiele H, Barbato E, Barthélémy O, Bauersachs J, Bhatt DL, et al. ESC Guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes in patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation. Eur Heart J. 2021;42(14):1289–1367. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa575.

  109. Ibebuogu UN, Giri S, Bolorunduro O, Tartara P, Kar S, Holmes D, et al. Review of reported causes of device embolization following trans-catheter aortic valve implantation. Am J Cardiol. 2015;115(12):1767–72.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  110. • Kim WK, Schäfer U, Tchetche D, Nef H, Arnold M, Avanzas P, et al. Incidence and outcome of peri-procedural transcatheter heart valve embolization and migration: the TRAVEL registry (TranscatheteR HeArt Valve EmboLization and Migration). Eur Heart J. 2019;40(38):3156–65 It is the most comprehensive analysis of valve embolizations to date.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  111. Ussia GP, Barbanti M, Sarkar K, Aruta P, Scarabelli M, Cammalleri V, et al. Transcatheter aortic bioprosthesis dislocation: technical aspects and midterm follow-up. EuroIntervention. 2012;7(11):1285–92.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  112. Dumonteil N, Marcheix B, Grunenwald E, Roncalli J, Massabuau P, Carrié D. Left ventricular embolization of an aortic balloon-expandable bioprosthesis: balloon capture and reimpaction as an alternative to emergent conversion to open-heart surgery. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2013;6(3):308–10.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  113. Meredith Am IT, Walters DL, Dumonteil N, Worthley SG, Tchétché D, Manoharan G, et al. Transcatheter aortic valve replacement for severe symptomatic aortic stenosis using a repositionable valve system: 30-day primary endpoint results from the REPRISE II study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;64(13):1339–48.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  114. Amat-Santos IJ, Messika-Zeitoun D, Eltchaninoff H, Kapadia S, Lerakis S, Cheema AN, et al. Infective endocarditis after transcatheter aortic valve implantation: results from a large multicenter registry. Circulation. 2015;131(18):1566–74.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  115. Bjursten H, Rasmussen M, Nozohoor S, Götberg M, Olaison L, Rück A, et al. Infective endocarditis after transcatheter aortic valve implantation: a nationwide study. Eur Heart J. 2019;40(39):3263–9.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  116. Kolte D, Goldsweig A, Kennedy KF, Abbott JD, Gordon PC, Sellke FW, et al. Comparison of incidence, predictors, and outcomes of early infective endocarditis after transcatheter aortic valve implantation versus surgical aortic valve replacement in the United States. Am J Cardiol. 2018;122(12):2112–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  117. Regueiro A, Linke A, Latib A, Ihlemann N, Urena M, Walther T, et al. Association Between Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement and Subsequent Infective Endocarditis and In-Hospital Death. Jama. 2016;316(10):1083–92.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  118. Brouwer J, van den Brink FS, Nijenhuis VJ, Vossenberg TN, Delewi R, van Mourik MS, et al. Incidence and outcome of prosthetic valve endocarditis after transcatheter aortic valve replacement in the Netherlands. Neth Heart J. 2020;28(10):520–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  119. Latib A, Naim C, De Bonis M, Sinning JM, Maisano F, Barbanti M, et al. TAVR-associated prosthetic valve infective endocarditis: results of a large, multicenter registry. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;64(20):2176–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  120. Summers MR, Leon MB, Smith CR, Kodali SK, Thourani VH, Herrmann HC, et al. Prosthetic valve endocarditis after TAVR and SAVR: insights from the PARTNER trials. Circulation. 2019;140(24):1984–94.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  121. Moreillon P, Que YA. Infective endocarditis. Lancet. 2004;363(9403):139–49.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  122. Chu VH, Miro JM, Hoen B, Cabell CH, Pappas PA, Jones P, et al. Coagulase-negative staphylococcal prosthetic valve endocarditis--a contemporary update based on the International Collaboration on Endocarditis: prospective cohort study. Heart. 2009;95(7):570–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  123. López J, Revilla A, Vilacosta I, Villacorta E, González-Juanatey C, Gómez I, et al. Definition, clinical profile, microbiological spectrum, and prognostic factors of early-onset prosthetic valve endocarditis. Eur Heart J. 2007;28(6):760–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  124. Khan A, Aslam A, Satti KN, Ashiq S. Infective endocarditis post-transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI), microbiological profile and clinical outcomes: a systematic review. PLoS One. 2020;15(1):e0225077.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  125. Regueiro A, Linke A, Latib A, Ihlemann N, Urena M, Walther T, et al. Infective endocarditis following transcatheter aortic valve replacement: comparison of balloon- versus self-expandable valves. Circ Cardiovasc Interv. 2019;12(11):e007938.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  126. •• Habib G, Lancellotti P, Antunes MJ, Bongiorni MG, Casalta JP, Del Zotti F, et al. ESC Guidelines for the management of infective endocarditis: the task force for the management of infective endocarditis of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)Endorsed by: European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS), the European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM). Eur Heart J. 2015;36(44):3075–128 Current european guideline for the management of infective endocarditis.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  127. Miranda WR, Connolly HM, Baddour LM, Goel K, Wilson WR, Greason KL, et al. Infective endocarditis following transcatheter aortic valve replacement: diagnostic yield of echocardiography and associated echo-Doppler findings. Int J Cardiol. 2018;271:392–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  128. Saby L, Laas O, Habib G, Cammilleri S, Mancini J, Tessonnier L, et al. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography for diagnosis of prosthetic valve endocarditis: increased valvular 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake as a novel major criterion. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;61(23):2374–82.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  129. Lalani T, Chu VH, Park LP, Cecchi E, Corey GR, Durante-Mangoni E, et al. In-hospital and 1-year mortality in patients undergoing early surgery for prosthetic valve endocarditis. JAMA Intern Med. 2013;173(16):1495–504.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  130. López J, Sevilla T, Vilacosta I, García H, Sarriá C, Pozo E, et al. Clinical significance of congestive heart failure in prosthetic valve endocarditis. A multicenter study with 257 patients. Rev Esp Cardiol (English ed). 2013;66(5):384–90.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  131. Fuchs A, De Backer O, Brooks M, de Knegt MC, Bieliauskas G, Yamamoto M, et al. Subclinical leaflet thickening and stent frame geometry in self-expanding transcatheter heart valves. EuroIntervention. 2017;13(9):e1067–e75.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  132. Rashid HN, Nasis A, Gooley RP, Cameron JD, Brown AJ. The prevalence of computed tomography-defined leaflet thrombosis in intra- versus supra-annular transcatheter aortic valve prostheses. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2018;92(7):1414–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  133. Pollari F, Dell’Aquila AM, Söhn C, Marianowicz J, Wiehofsky P, Schwab J, et al. Risk factors for paravalvular leak after transcatheter aortic valve replacement. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2019;157(4):1406–15.e3.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  134. Hagar A, Li Y, Wei X, Peng Y, Xu Y, Ou Y, et al. Incidence, Predictors, and outcome of paravalvular leak after transcatheter aortic valve implantation. J Interv Cardiol. 2020;2020:8249497.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  135. Sinning JM, Vasa-Nicotera M, Chin D, Hammerstingl C, Ghanem A, Bence J, et al. Evaluation and management of paravalvular aortic regurgitation after transcatheter aortic valve replacement. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;62(1):11–20.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  136. Di Martino LF, Vletter WB, Ren B, Schultz C, Van Mieghem NM, Soliman OI, et al. Prediction of paravalvular leakage after transcatheter aortic valve implantation. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2015;31(7):1461–8.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  137. Neragi-Miandoab S, Michler RE. A review of most relevant complications of transcatheter aortic valve implantation. ISRN Cardiol. 2013;2013:956252.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  138. Détaint D, Lepage L, Himbert D, Brochet E, Messika-Zeitoun D, Iung B, et al. Determinants of significant paravalvular regurgitation after transcatheter aortic valve: implantation impact of device and annulus discongruence. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2009;2(9):821–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  139. Généreux P, Head SJ, Hahn R, Daneault B, Kodali S, Williams MR, et al. Paravalvular leak after transcatheter aortic valve replacement: the new Achilles' heel? A comprehensive review of the literature. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;61(11):1125–36.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  140. Kiani S, Kamioka N, Black GB, Lu MLR, Lisko JC, Rao B, et al. Development of a risk score to predict new pacemaker implantation after transcatheter aortic valve replacement. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2019;12(21):2133–42.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  141. Kapadia SR, Wazni O, Krishnaswamy A. Pacemaker implantation after TAVR. J Am Coll Cardiol Img. 2017;10(10 Pt A):1148–50.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  142. Makhija N, Magoon R, Balakrishnan I, Das S, Malik V, Gharde P. Left ventricular outflow tract obstruction following aortic valve replacement: a review of risk factors, mechanism, and management. Ann Card Anaesth. 2019;22(1):1–5.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  143. Azarrafiy R, Albuquerque FN, Carrillo RG, Cohen MG. Coil embolization to successfully treat annular rupture during transcatheter aortic valve replacement. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2018;92(6):1205–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  144. Généreux P, Head SJ, Van Mieghem NM, Kodali S, Kirtane AJ, Xu K, et al. Clinical outcomes after transcatheter aortic valve replacement using valve academic research consortium definitions: a weighted meta-analysis of 3,519 patients from 16 studies. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012;59(25):2317–26.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  145. Blanke P, Soon J, Dvir D, Park JK, Naoum C, Kueh SH, et al. Computed tomography assessment for transcatheter aortic valve in valve implantation: the vancouver approach to predict anatomical risk for coronary obstruction and other considerations. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr. 2016;10(6):491–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  146. Eggebrecht H, Schäfer U, Treede H, Boekstegers P, Babin-Ebell J, Ferrari M, et al. Valve-in-valve transcatheter aortic valve implantation for degenerated bioprosthetic heart valves. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2011;4(11):1218–27.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  147. Sarangi S, Rihal CS, Bruce CJ, Greason KL, Gössl M, Nishimura RA, et al. Left main coronary artery protection during transcatheter aortic valve deployment. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;63(15):1583.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  148. Tang GHL, Zaid S, Fuchs A, Yamabe T, Yazdchi F, Gupta E, et al. Alignment of transcatheter aortic-valve neo-commissures (ALIGN TAVR): impact on final valve orientation and coronary artery overlap. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2020;13(9):1030–42.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  149. Roy DA, Schaefer U, Guetta V, Hildick-Smith D, Möllmann H, Dumonteil N, et al. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation for pure severe native aortic valve regurgitation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;61(15):1577–84.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  150. Bob-Manuel T, Kadire S, Heckle MR, Wang J, Ibebuogu UN. Outcomes following transcatheter aortic valve replacement in patients with native aortic valve regurgitation. Ann Transl Med. 2018;6(1):8.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  151. •• Baumgartner H, Hung J, Bermejo J, Chambers JB, Edvardsen T, Goldstein S, et al. Recommendations on the echocardiographic assessment of aortic valve stenosis: a focused update from the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging and the American Society of Echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2017;30(4):372–92 Current recommendations on the echocardiographic assessment of aortic valve stenosis.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  152. Corrigan FE 3rd, Gleason PT, Condado JF, Lisko JC, Chen JH, Kamioka N, et al. Imaging for predicting, detecting, and managing complications after transcatheter aortic valve replacement. J Am Coll Cardiol Img. 2019;12(5):904–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

All authors were involved to a relevant extent in the preparation of the manuscript and its critical review.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Cardiovascular Center Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany

    Nina C. Wunderlich & Jörg Honold

  2. Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands

    Martin J. Swaans

  3. Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Robert J. Siegel

Authors
  1. Nina C. Wunderlich
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jörg Honold
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Martin J. Swaans
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Robert J. Siegel
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Nina C. Wunderlich.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Human and Animal Rights and Informed Consent

This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

This article is part of the Topical Collection on Structural Heart Disease

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Wunderlich, N.C., Honold, J., Swaans, M.J. et al. How to Image and Manage Prosthesis-Related Complications After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement. Curr Cardiol Rep 23, 94 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11886-021-01522-2

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11886-021-01522-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation