Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

The Promise and Peril of Vaping

  • Public Health Policy (E Klodas, Section Editor)
  • Published:
Current Cardiology Reports Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose of Review

The increasing popularity and prevalence of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) use in the USA necessitates careful evaluation of their proposed benefits and potential public health harms. This report provides a detailed review of current scientific evidence on potential benefits and health risks associated with e-cigarette use.

Recent Findings

E-cigarettes were introduced as a less harmful alternative to combustible cigarette smoking. However, evidence on their use as effective and safe smoking cessation aids remains inconclusive. Their rapid uptake among tobacco-naive individuals can lead to nicotine addiction and subsequent cigarette smoking.

Summary

Although e-cigarettes appear to be relatively safer than combustible cigarettes, they expose users to known harmful constituents whose long-term health risks remain unknown. While e-cigarettes have the potential to aid in cessation of cigarette smoking when used as part of a structured cessation program, use among tobacco-naive youth and long-term dual use with combustible cigarettes should be strongly discouraged due to excess risk with dual use.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

References

Papers of particular interest, published recently, have been highlighted as: • Of importance •• Of major importance

  1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2020) Fast Facts | Fact Sheets | Smoking & Tobacco Use | CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/fact_sheets/fast_facts/index.htm. Accessed 4 Jul 2020.

  2. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (2020) Smoking cessation: a report of the surgeon general. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health.

  3. National Institute on Drug Abuse (2020) Vaping devices (electronic cigarettes) drugfacts | National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA). https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/vaping-devices-electronic-cigarettes. Accessed 16 Jul 2020.

  4. Sassano MF, Davis ES, Keating JE, Zorn BT, Kochar TK, Wolfgang MC, et al. Evaluation of e-liquid toxicity using an open-source high-throughput screening assay. PLoS Biol. 2018;16:e2003904. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.2003904.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  5. Goniewicz ML, Knysak J, Gawron M, Kosmider L, Sobczak A, Kurek J, et al. Levels of selected carcinogens and toxicants in vapour from electronic cigarettes. Tob Control. 2014;23:133–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2020) About electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) | Smoking & Tobacco Use | CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/basic_information/e-cigarettes/about-e-cigarettes.html. Accessed 18 Jul 2020.

  7. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (2016) Chapter 1. Introduction, conclusions, and historical background relative to e-cigarettes (in e-cigarette use among youth and young adults: a report of the surgeon general). Atlanta, GA

  8. U.S. E-cigarette & vape market size, size | Industry Report, 2019–2025. https://www.grandviewresearch.com/industry-analysis/us-e-cigarette-vape-market. Accessed 27 Jun 2020.

  9. Technavio (2020) JUUL Market Share in 2019: Dominating the US E-cigarette market - Technavio. https://blog.technavio.com/blog/juul-market-share-dominating-e-cigarettes-market. Accessed 21 Jul 2020.

  10. Vaping360 (2020) The best e-cigarette vapes on the market [June, 2020]. https://vaping360.com/best-beginner-e-cigs-vapes/. Accessed 21 Jul 2020.

  11. Ayers JW, Leas EC, Allem JP, Benton A, Dredze M, Althouse BM, et al. Why do people use electronic nicotine delivery systems (electronic cigarettes)? A content analysis of Twitter, 2012-2015. PLoS One. 2017;12:e0170702. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0170702.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  12. •• National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and M (2018) Public health consequences of e-cigarettes. Public health consequences of e-cigarettes. https://doi.org/10.17226/24952. The National Academies of Science, Engineering and Medicine (NASEM) concluded in its 2018 report that there is limited evidence to support e-cigarettes as smoking cessation aids.

  13. Dai H, Leventhal AM. Prevalence of e-cigarette use among adults in the United States, 2014-2018. JAMA. 2019;322:1824–7.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2016) QuickStats: cigarette smoking status among current adult e-cigarette users, by age group — National Health Interview Survey, United States, 2015 | MMWR. https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/wr/mm6542a7.htm. Accessed 7 Jul 2020.

  15. Hedman L, Backman H, Stridsman C, Bosson JA, Lundbäck M, Lindberg A, et al. Association of electronic Cigarette use with smoking habits, demographic factors, and respiratory symptoms. JAMA Netw Open. 2018;1:e180789.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  16. McMillen RC, Gottlieb MA, Shaefer RMW, Winickoff JP, Klein JD. Trends in electronic cigarette use among U.S. adults: use is increasing in both smokers and nonsmokers. Nicotine Tob Res. 2014;17:1195–202.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Obisesan OH, Osei AD, Uddin SMI, Dzaye O, Mirbolouk M, Stokes A, et al. Trends in E-cigarette use in adults in the United States, 2016-2018. JAMA Intern Med. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.2817.

  18. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Chapter 2. Patterns of e-cigarette use among U.S. youth and young adults (in e-cigarette use among youth and young adults: a report of the surgeon general). Atlanta: National Library of Medicine; 2016.

    Google Scholar 

  19. • Cullen KA, Gentzke AS, Sawdey MD, Chang JT, Anic GM, Wang TW, et al. E-cigarette use among youth in the United States, 2019. JAMA. 2019;322:2095–103. The findings of this study reveal a high prevalence of self reported current use of e-cigarettes among middle and high school students in the USA, in 2019, with majority reporting exclusive use of e-cigarettes.

  20. Obisesan OH, Osei AD, Uddin SMI, Dzaye O, Cainzos-Achirica M, Mirbolouk M, et al. E-cigarette use patterns and high-risk behaviors in pregnancy: behavioral risk factor surveillance system, 2016–2018. Am J Prev Med. 2020;59:187–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2020.02.015.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  21. Mirbolouk M, Charkhchi P, Kianoush S, et al. Prevalence and distribution of E-cigarette use among U.S. adults: behavioral risk factor surveillance system, 2016. Ann Intern Med. 2018;169:429.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Obisesan OH, Mirbolouk M, Osei AD, Orimoloye OA, Uddin SMI, Dzaye O, et al. Association between E-cigarette use and depression in the behavioral risk factor surveillance system, 2016-2017. JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2:e1916800.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  23. Food and Drug Administration D of H and HS (2016) Deeming tobacco products to be subject to the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, as amended by the family smoking prevention and tobacco control act; restrictions on the sale and distribution of tobacco products and required warning statements for tobacco Products. Final Rule.

  24. Food and Drug Administration (2020) Tobacco 21 | FDA. https://www.fda.gov/tobacco-products/retail-sales-tobacco-products/tobacco-21. Accessed 8 Jul 2020.

  25. Food and Drugs Administration (2020) FDA finalizes enforcement policy on unauthorized flavored cartridge-based e-cigarettes that appeal to children, including fruit and mint | FDA. https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-finalizes-enforcement-policy-unauthorized-flavored-cartridge-based-e-cigarettes-appeal-children. Accessed 16 Jul 2020.

  26. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2020) STATE system e-cigarette fact sheet. https://www.cdc.gov/statesystem/factsheets/ecigarette/ECigarette.html. Accessed 2 Jul 2020.

  27. Astor RL, Urman R, Barrington-Trimis JL, Berhane K, Steinberg J, Cousineau M, et al. Tobacco retail licensing and youth product use. Pediatrics. 2019;143:e20173536. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2017-3536.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Du Y, Liu B, Xu G, Rong S, Sun Y, Wu Y, et al. Association of electronic cigarette regulations with electronic cigarette use among adults in the United States. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3:e1920255.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  29. Jun J, Kim JK (2020) Do state regulations on e-cigarettes have impacts on the e-cigarette prevalence? Tobacco Control 0:tobaccocontrol-2019-055287.

  30. Pesko MF, Hughes JM, Faisal FS. The influence of electronic cigarette age purchasing restrictions on adolescent tobacco and marijuana use. Prev Med. 2016;87:207–12.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Friedman AS. How does electronic cigarette access affect adolescent smoking? J Health Econ. 2015;44:300–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Wong LP, Alias H, Agha Mohammadi N, Ghadimi A, Hoe VCW. E-cigarette users’ attitudes on the anning of sales of nicotine E-liquid, its implication on E-cigarette use behaviours and alternative sources of nicotine E-liquid. J Community Health. 2017;42:1225–32.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Caponnetto P, Cibella F, Mancuso S, Campagna D, Arcidiacono G, Polosa R. Effect of a nicotine-free inhalator as part of a smoking-cessation programme. Eur Respir J. 2011;38:1005–11.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Goniewicz ML, Smith DM, Edwards KC, Blount BC, Caldwell KL, Feng J, et al. Comparison of nicotine and toxicant exposure in users of electronic cigarettes and combustible cigarettes. JAMA Netw Open. 2018;1:e185937.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  35. Hackshaw A, Morris JK, Boniface S, Tang JL, Milenkovi D. Low cigarette consumption and risk of coronary heart disease and stroke: meta-analysis of 141 cohort studies in 55 study reports. BMJ (Online). 2018:j5855. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.j5855.

  36. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Introduction, evaluation of evidence on mechanisms of disease production, and summary (how tobacco smoke causes disease: the biology and behavioral basis for smoking-attributable disease: A Report of the Surgeon General). Atlanta: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US); 2010.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Zhuang YL, Cummins SE, Sun JY, Zhu SH. Long-term E-cigarette use and smoking cessation: a longitudinal study with US population. Tob Control. 2016;25:i90–5.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Biener L, Hargraves JL. A longitudinal study of electronic cigarette use among a population-based sample of adult smokers: association with smoking cessation and motivation to quit. Nicotine Tob Res. 2015;17:127–33.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Brose LS, Hitchman SC, Brown J, West R, McNeill A. Is the use of electronic cigarettes while smoking associated with smoking cessation attempts, cessation and reduced cigarette consumption? A survey with a 1-year follow-up. Addiction. 2015;110:1160–8.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  40. Berry KM, Reynolds LM, Collins JM, Siegel MB, Fetterman JL, Hamburg NM, et al. E-cigarette initiation and associated changes in smoking cessation and reduction: the population assessment of tobacco and health study, 2013-2015. Tob Control. 2019;28:42–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Zhu SH, Zhuang YL, Wong S, Cummins SE, Tedeschi GJ. E-cigarette use and associated changes in population smoking cessation: evidence from US current population surveys. BMJ (Online). 2017:j3262. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.j3262.

  42. Grana RA, Popova L, Ling PM. A longitudinal analysis of electronic cigarette use and smoking cessation. JAMA Intern Med. 2014;174:812–3.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  43. Doran N, Brikmanis K, Petersen A, Delucchi K, Al-Delaimy WK, Luczak S, et al. Does e-cigarette use predict cigarette escalation? A longitudinal study of young adult non-daily smokers. Prev Med. 2017;100:279–84.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  44. • Hajek P, Phillips-Waller A, Przulj D, et al. A randomized trial of E-cigarettes versus nicotine-replacement therapy. N Engl J Med. 2019;380:629–37 The findings of this randomized trial suggest that e-cigarettes are more effective than nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation when accompanied by behavioral counseling.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Kalkhoran S, Glantz SA. E-cigarettes and smoking cessation in real-world and clinical settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Respir Med. 2016;4:116–28.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  46. el Dib R, Suzumura EA, Akl EA, et al. Electronic nicotine delivery systems and/or electronic non-nicotine delivery systems for tobacco smoking cessation or reduction: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open. 2017;7:12680.

    Google Scholar 

  47. Lindson-Hawley N, Hartmann-Boyce J, Fanshawe TR, Begh R, Farley A, Lancaster T. Interventions to reduce harm from continued tobacco use. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD005231.pub3.

  48. Stead LF, Perera R, Bullen C, Mant D, Lancaster T. Nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD000146.pub3.

  49. Coleman T, Agboola S, Leonardi-Bee J, Taylor M, Mcewen A, Mcneill A. Relapse prevention in UK stop smoking services: current practice, systematic reviews of effectiveness and cost-effectiveness analysis. Health Technol Assess. 2010;14:1–181.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Patel D, Davis KC, Cox S, Bradfield B, King BA, Shafer P, et al. Reasons for current E-cigarette use among U.S. adults. Prev Med. 2016;93:14–20.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  51. Slotkin TA. Nicotine and the adolescent brain: insights from an animal model. Neurotoxicol Teratol. 2002;24:369–84.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Soneji S, Barrington-Trimis JL, Wills TA, Leventhal AM, Unger JB, Gibson LA, et al. Association between initial use of e-cigarettes and subsequent cigarette smoking among adolescents and young adults a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Pediatr. 2017;171:788–97.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  53. Leventhal AM, Strong DR, Kirkpatrick MG, Unger JB, Sussman S, Riggs NR, et al. Association of electronic cigarette use with initiation of combustible tobacco product smoking in early adolescence. JAMA. 2015;314:700–7.

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  54. Primack BA, Soneji S, Stoolmiller M, Fine MJ, Sargent JD. Progression to traditional cigarette smoking after electronic cigarette use among us adolescents and young adults. JAMA Pediatr. 2015;169:1018–23.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  55. Wills TA, Knight R, Sargent JD, Gibbons FX, Pagano I, Williams RJ. Longitudinal study of e-cigarette use and onset of cigarette smoking among high school students in Hawaii. Tob Control. 2017;26:34–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Barrington-Trimis JL, Urman R, Berhane K, Unger JB, Cruz TB, Pentz MA, et al. E-cigarettes and future cigarette use. Pediatrics. 2016;138:e20160379. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2016-0379.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  57. Spindle TR, Hiler MM, Cooke ME, Eissenberg T, Kendler KS, Dick DM. Electronic cigarette use and uptake of cigarette smoking: a longitudinal examination of U.S. college students. Addict Behav. 2017;67:66–72.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Miech R, Patrick ME, O’Malley PM, Johnston LD. E-cigarette use as a predictor of cigarette smoking: results from a 1-year follow-up of a national sample of 12th grade students. Tob Control. 2017;26:e106–11.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Gillman IG, Kistler KA, Stewart EW, Paolantonio AR. Effect of variable power levels on the yield of total aerosol mass and formation of aldehydes in e-cigarette aerosols. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2016;75:58–65.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Antoniewicz L, Brynedal A, Hedman L, Lundbäck M, Bosson JA. Acute effects of electronic cigarette inhalation on the vasculature and the conducting airways. Cardiovasc Toxicol. 2019;19:441–50.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  61. Benowitz NL, Burbank AD. Cardiovascular toxicity of nicotine: implications for electronic cigarette use. Trends Cardiovasc Med. 2016;26:515–23.

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  62. Chaumont M, de Becker B, Zaher W, et al (2018) Differential effects of E-cigarette on microvascular endothelial function, arterial stiffness and oxidative stress: A randomized crossover trial. Scientific Reports. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-28723-0.

  63. Moheimani RS, Bhetraratana M, Peters KM, Yang BK, Yin F, Gornbein J, et al. Sympathomimetic effects of acute e-cigarette use: role of nicotine and non-nicotine constituents. J Am Heart Assoc. 2017;6. https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.117.006579.

  64. Carnevale R, Sciarretta S, Violi F, Nocella C, Loffredo L, Perri L, et al. Acute impact of tobacco vs electronic cigarette smoking on oxidative stress and vascular function. Chest. 2016;150:606–12.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Moheimani RS, Bhetraratana M, Yin F, Peters KM, Gornbein J, Araujo JA, et al. Increased cardiac sympathetic activity and oxidative stress in habitual electronic cigarette users: implications for cardiovascular risk. JAMA Cardiol. 2017;2:278–85.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  66. Scheffler S, Dieken H, Krischenowski O, Aufderheide M. Cytotoxic evaluation of e-liquid aerosol using different lung-derived cell models. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2015;12:12466–74.

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  67. Pankow JF, Kim K, McWhirter KJ, Luo W, Escobedo JO, Strongin RM, et al. Benzene formation in electronic cigarettes. PLoS One. 2017;12:e0173055. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0173055.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  68. Kosmider L, Sobczak A, Fik M, Knysak J, Zaciera M, Kurek J, et al. Carbonyl compounds in electronic cigarette vapors: effects of nicotine solvent and battery output voltage. Nicotine Tob Res. 2014;16:1319–26.

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  69. Gaur S, Agnihotri R. Health effects of trace metals in electronic cigarette aerosols—a systematic review. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2019;188:295–315.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Kreiss K, Gomaa A, Kullman G, Fedan K, Simoes EJ, Enright PL. Clinical bronchiolitis obliterans in workers at a microwave-popcorn plant. N Engl J Med. 2002;347:330–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Morgan LD, Flake PG, Kirby JP, Palmer MS. Respiratory toxicity of diacetyl in C57BI/6 mice. Toxicol Sci. 2008;103:169–80.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Trivers KF, Phillips E, Gentzke AS, Tynan MA, Neff LJ. Prevalence of cannabis use in electronic cigarettes among US youth. JAMA Pediatr. 2018;172:1097–9.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  73. Uddin SMI, Osei AD, Obisesan OH, el-Shahawy O, Dzaye O, Cainzos-Achirica M, et al. Prevalence, trends, and distribution of nicotine and marijuana use in E-cigarettes among US adults: the behavioral risk factor surveillance system 2016–2018. Prev Med. 2020;139:106175.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  74. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2020) Outbreak of lung injury associated with the use of e-cigarette, or vaping, products | electronic cigarettes | smoking & tobacco use | cdc. https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/basic_information/e-cigarettes/severe-lung-disease.html. Accessed 11 Jul 2020.

  75. Alzahrani T, Pena I, Temesgen N, Glantz SA. Association between electronic cigarette use and myocardial infarction. Am J Prev Med. 2018;55:455–61.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  76. Vindhyal MR, Ndunda P, Munguti C, Vindhyal S, Okut H. Abstract P387: comparing cardiovascular outcomes among smokers and E-cigarette users: a review from National Health Interview Surveys. Circulation. 2019;139. https://doi.org/10.1161/circ.139.suppl_1.p387.

  77. Ndunda PM, Muutu TM. Abstract 9: electronic cigarette use is associated with a higher risk of stroke. Stroke. 2019;50. https://doi.org/10.1161/str.50.suppl_1.9.

  78. • Osei AD, Mirbolouk M, Orimoloye OA, et al. Association between E-cigarette use and cardiovascular disease among never and current combustible-cigarette smokers. Am J Med. 2019;132:949–954.e2 Findings of this study suggest that dual use of e-cigarettes and combustible cigarettes is associated with higher odds of adverse cardiovascular outcomes than sole combustible cigarette use.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Parekh T, Pemmasani S, Desai R. Risk of stroke with E-cigarette and combustible cigarette use in young adults. Am J Prev Med. 2020;58:446–52.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Owusu D, Huang J, Weaver SR, Pechacek TF, Ashley DL, Nayak P, et al. Patterns and trends of dual use of e-cigarettes and cigarettes among U.S. adults, 2015–2018. Prev Med Rep. 2019;16:101009.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  81. Pisinger C. Why public health people are more worried than excited over e-cigarettes. BMC Med. 2014;12:1–5.

    Google Scholar 

  82. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (2016) Chapter 5. E-cigarette policy and practice implications (in e-cigarette use among youth and young adults: a report of the surgeon general). 183–227.

  83. Sharon Levy (2019) Vaping: it’s hard to quit, but help is available - Harvard Health Blog - Harvard Health Publishing. https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/vaping-its-hard-to-quit-but-help-is-available-2019110118248. Accessed 25 Jul 2020.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, 600 N Wolfe St, Blalock 524, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA

    Ellen Boakye, Olufunmilayo H. Obisesan, Albert D. Osei, Omar Dzaye, S. M. Iftekhar Uddin & Michael J. Blaha

  2. The American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, Dallas, TX, USA

    Ellen Boakye, Olufunmilayo H. Obisesan, S. M. Iftekhar Uddin & Glenn A. Hirsch

  3. Department of Medicine, MedStar Union Memorial Hospital 201 E University Pkwy, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA

    Albert D. Osei

  4. Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA

    Omar Dzaye

  5. Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, Charité, Berlin, Germany

    Omar Dzaye

  6. Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, 80200, USA

    Glenn A. Hirsch

Authors
  1. Ellen Boakye
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Olufunmilayo H. Obisesan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Albert D. Osei
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Omar Dzaye
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. S. M. Iftekhar Uddin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Glenn A. Hirsch
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Michael J. Blaha
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Michael J. Blaha.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of Interest

Michael J. Blaha reports grants from FDA, NIH, AHA, and Aetna Foundation; grants and personal fees from Amgen Foundation; and personal fees from Sanofi, Regeneron, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Bayer, Kowa, 89Bio, and Akcea. The other authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Human and Animal Rights and Informed Consent

This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

This article is part of the Topical Collection on Public Health Policy

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Boakye, E., Obisesan, O.H., Osei, A.D. et al. The Promise and Peril of Vaping. Curr Cardiol Rep 22, 155 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11886-020-01414-x

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11886-020-01414-x

Keywords

Search

Navigation