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Effect of Alcohol Consumption on Cardiovascular Health

Current Cardiology Reports volume 20, Article number: 19 (2018) Cite this article

Abstract

Purpose of Review

This review aims to discuss the effect of alcohol consumption on various cardiovascular (CV) diseases and CV mortality.

Recent Findings

Alcohol intake has consistently shown a J- or U-shaped relationship with several cardiovascular diseases. Light to moderate alcohol intake has been associated with lower risk of coronary artery disease, heart failure (HF), as well as CV mortality. On the other hand, heavy consumption has been associated with deleterious CV outcomes including increased mortality. However, the evidence is based from observational and population-based studies where risk of confounding cannot be excluded even after meticulous methodological approaches. This is compounded by conflicting data such as higher risk of certain CV diseases like HF in former drinkers compared to abstainers. Further, Mendelian randomization studies using genetic polymorphisms in enzymes have recently questioned the beneficial association of low-moderate drinking with CV system.

Summary

There has been substantial and consistent evidence that light to moderate alcohol consumption have beneficial effect on overall cardiovascular profile and mortality. However, there are considerable limitations in the reported literature to determine a strong causality of a protective effect of moderate alcohol consumption by itself. Further robust studies or possibly a well-structured randomized controlled could bring an end to this debate.

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Author notes

  1. Sunny Goel and Abhishek Sharma contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA

    Sunny Goel

  2. Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA

    Abhishek Sharma

  3. Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Technology, Brooklyn, NY, USA

    Abhishek Sharma

  4. Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 69 Duke Street, New Brunswick, NJ, USA

    Aakash Garg

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  1. Sunny Goel
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Correspondence to Abhishek Sharma.

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This article is part of the Topical Collection on Ischemic Heart Disease

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Goel, S., Sharma, A. & Garg, A. Effect of Alcohol Consumption on Cardiovascular Health. Curr Cardiol Rep 20, 19 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11886-018-0962-2

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Keywords

  • Alcohol
  • Coronary artery disease
  • Heart failure
  • Cardiovascular mortality
  • Cardio protection
  • Cardiomyopathy