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Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists: A Medication for Obesity Management

  • Evidence-Based Medicine, Clinical Trials and Their Interpretations (K. Nasir, Section Editor)
  • Published:
Current Atherosclerosis Reports Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose of Review

The burden of obesity worldwide is high and projected to rise. Obesity increases the risk of several cardiovascular diseases and cardiometabolic risk factors; hence, utilizing effective long-term therapies for obesity is of utmost importance. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) have emerged as effective therapies that achieve substantial weight loss and improve cardiometabolic risk. The purpose of this review is to discuss the role of GLP-1RAs in obesity management.

Recent Findings

Two subcutaneous GLP-1RAs, liraglutide and semaglutide, have been evaluated in several clinical trials for weight loss. Liraglutide achieves a mean weight loss of 4–7 kg, and more than 50% of treated individuals achieve 5% or more weight loss. Semaglutide has a greater impact on weight loss, with a mean weight loss of 9–16 kg, and more than 50% of treated individuals achieve 10–15% or more weight loss. These results led to regulatory approval of these agents for weight loss in individuals with obesity, regardless of diabetes status. In addition to weight loss, the benefits of GLP-1RAs extend to other risk factors, such as glycemic control and blood pressure. Gastrointestinal symptoms are the most frequently encountered adverse events with incidences between 5 and 30%. Finally, the cost remains one of the most critical challenges that limit GLP-1RAs use.

Summary

GLP-1RAs have robust weight loss benefits and are expected to have a critical role in the management of obesity in the coming years. Upcoming studies will evaluate the durability of weight loss achieved with GLP-1RAs and the impact on cardiovascular outcomes.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Cardiovascular Prevention and Wellness, Department of Cardiology, Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart & Vascular Center, 6550 Fannin St Suite 1801, Houston, TX77030, USA

    Mohamad B. Taha, Tamer Yahya, Priyanka Satish, Rachel Laird, Miguel Cainzos-Achirica, Kershaw V. Patel & Khurram Nasir

  2. Center for Outcomes Research, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, USA

    Mohamad B. Taha, Tamer Yahya, Miguel Cainzos-Achirica & Khurram Nasir

  3. Department of Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA

    Arthur S. Agatston

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  1. Mohamad B. Taha
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  8. Khurram Nasir
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Correspondence to Khurram Nasir.

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Dr. Nasir is on the advisory board of Amgen, Novartis, and Medicine Company, and his research is partly supported by the Jerold B. Katz Academy of Translational Research. No other conflicts of interest relevant to the content of this manuscript were reported by the authors.

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Taha, M.B., Yahya, T., Satish, P. et al. Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists: A Medication for Obesity Management. Curr Atheroscler Rep 24, 643–654 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11883-022-01041-7

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