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Lipid Mediators of Allergic Disease: Pathways, Treatments, and Emerging Therapeutic Targets

  • Basic and Applied Science (I Lewkowich, Section Editor)
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Abstract

Bioactive lipids are critical regulators of inflammation. Over the last 75 years, these diverse compounds have emerged as clinically-relevant mediators of allergic disease pathophysiology. Animal and human studies have demonstrated the importance of lipid mediators in the development of asthma, allergic rhinitis, urticaria, anaphylaxis, atopic dermatitis, and food allergy. Lipids are critical participants in cell signaling events which influence key physiologic (bronchoconstriction) and immune phenomena (degranulation, chemotaxis, sensitization). Lipid-mediated cellular mechanisms including: (1) formation of structural support platforms (lipid rafts) for receptor signaling complexes, (2) activation of a diverse family of G-protein coupled receptors, and (3) mediating intracellular signaling cascades by acting as second messengers. Here, we review four classes of bioactive lipids (platelet activating factor, the leukotrienes, the prostanoids, and the sphingolipids) with special emphasis on lipid synthesis pathways and signaling, atopic disease pathology, and the ongoing development of atopy treatments targeting lipid mediator pathways.

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Acknowledgments

Supported by a Child Health Research Career Development award (NIH K12 HD028827). Special thanks to Shawna Hottinger for her editorial assistance.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA

    Eric Schauberger, Tareian Cazares & Andrew W. Lindsley

  2. Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria

    Miriam Peinhaupt

  3. Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA

    Andrew W. Lindsley

  4. Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA

    Andrew W. Lindsley

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Drs. Schauberger, Peinhaupt, and Cazares declare no conflicts of interest relevant to this manuscript. Dr. Lindsley declares a Procter Scholarship Career Development Award from Cincinnati Children’s Research Foundation and an JACI Editors Faculty Development Award from the AAAAI Foundation.

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This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.

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Schauberger, E., Peinhaupt, M., Cazares, T. et al. Lipid Mediators of Allergic Disease: Pathways, Treatments, and Emerging Therapeutic Targets. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 16, 48 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11882-016-0628-3

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