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Rhinoviruses and Their Receptors: Implications for Allergic Disease

Current Allergy and Asthma Reports volume 16, Article number: 30 (2016) Cite this article

Abstract

Human rhinoviruses (RVs) are picornaviruses that can cause a variety of illnesses including the common cold, lower respiratory tract illnesses such as bronchitis and pneumonia, and exacerbations of asthma. RVs are classified into three species, RV-A, B, and C, which include over 160 types. They utilize three major types of cellular membrane glycoproteins to gain entry into the host cell: intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) (the majority of RV-A and all RV-B), low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) family members (12 RV-A types), and cadherin-related family member 3 (CDHR3) (RV-C). CDHR3 is a member of cadherin superfamily of transmembrane proteins with yet unknown biological function, and there is relatively little information available about the mechanisms of RV-C interaction with CDHR3. A coding single nucleotide polymorphism (rs6967330) in CDHR3 could promote RV-C infections and illnesses in infancy, which could in turn adversely affect the developing lung to increase the risk of asthma. Further studies are needed to determine how RV infections contribute to pathogenesis of asthma and to develop the optimal treatment approach to control asthma exacerbations.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the following NIH grants: UM1 AI114271, U19 AI104317, and P01 HL070831.

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Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53792, USA

    Yury A. Bochkov & James E. Gern

  2. Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53792, USA

    James E. Gern

Authors
  1. Yury A. Bochkov
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  2. James E. Gern
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Correspondence to Yury A. Bochkov.

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Conflict of Interest

Dr. Bochkov declares no conflict of interest. Dr. Gern has served as a consultant to PREP Biopharm Inc., Janssen, and Regeneron and has received a lecture honorarium from Boehringer Ingelheim.

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This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.

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This article is part of the Topical Collection on Allergens

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Bochkov, Y.A., Gern, J.E. Rhinoviruses and Their Receptors: Implications for Allergic Disease. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 16, 30 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11882-016-0608-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11882-016-0608-7

Keywords

  • Human rhinovirus
  • Cellular receptor
  • ICAM-1
  • LDLR
  • CDHR3
  • Asthma
  • Allergy