Abstract
Among the many attempts to classify urticaria, 2 categories have been accepted worldwide, namely according to time course into acute (shorter than 6 weeks) and chronic urticaria (longer than 6 weeks) and a classification according to etiopathophysiology. A special subgroup is the physical urticarias where wheals are elicited via specific physical (mechanical, temperature, radiation) stimuli. In many forms of chronic urticaria, psychosomatic influences play a role. Despite great progress in modern immunology and allergology, chronic urticaria still remains a challenge for doctors and patients.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Burgdorf WHC, Plewig G, Wolff HH, Landthaler M, editors. Braun-Falco’s dermatology. Berlin: Springer; 2009.
Ring J, Brockow K, Behrendt H. History and classification of anaphylaxis. Novartis Found Symp. 2004;257:6–16.
Kaplan AP, Greaves MW. Angioedema. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2005;53:373–88.
Schadewaldt H. Geschichte der Allergie. vols.1–4. München-Deisenhofen: Dustri-Verlag Dr. Karl Feistle; 1979/1983.
Ring J. Allergy in practice. Berlin: Springer; 2005.
Zuberbier T, Maurer M. Urticaria: current opinions about etiology, diagnosis, and therapy. Acta Derm Venereol. 2007;87:196–205.
Sabroe RA, Greaves MW. Chronic idiopathic urticaria with functional autoantibodies: 12 years on. Br J Dermatol. 2006;154:813–9.
Hide M, Francis DM, Grattan CE, Hakimi J, Kochan JP, Greaves MW. Autoantibodies against the high-affinity IgE receptor as a cause of histamine release in chronic urticaria. N Engl J Med. 1993;328:1599–604.
Czarnetzki BM, Breetholt KH, Traupe H. Evidence that water acts as a carrier for an epidermal antigen in aquagenic urticaria. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1986;15:623–7.
Gimenez-Arnau A, Maurer M, De La Cuadra J, Maibach H. Immediate contact skin reactions, an update of contact urticaria, contact urticaria syndrome, and protein contact dermatitis—“A Never Ending Story”. Eur J Dermatol. 2010;20:552–62.
Mullins RJ, James H, Platts-Mills TA, Commins S. Relationship between red meat allergy and sensitization to gelatin and galactose-α-1,3-galactose. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012;129:1334–42.
Morita E, Matsuo H, Chinuki Y, Takahashi H, Dahlström J, Tanaka A. Food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis -importance of omega-5 gliadin and HMW-glutenin as causative antigens for wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis. Allergol Int. 2009;58:493–8.
Zuberbier T, Asero R, Bindslev-Jensen C, Walter Canonica G, Church MK, Giménez-Arnau A, et al. Dermatology section of the European Academy of Allergology and Clinical Immunology; Global Allergy and Asthma European Network; European Dermatology Forum; World Allergy Organization. EAACI/GA(2)LEN/EDF/WAO guideline: definition, classification, and diagnosis of urticaria. Allergy. 2009;64:1417–26.
Disclosure
No potential conflicts of interest relevant to this article were reported.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ring, J., Grosber, M. Urticaria: Attempts at Classification. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 12, 263–266 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11882-012-0275-2
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11882-012-0275-2