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Chemical fractionation by sequential extraction of Cd, Pb, and Cu in Antarctic atmospheric particulate for the characterization of aerosol composition, sources, and summer evolution at Terra Nova Bay, Victoria Land

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Abstract

Insights in the knowledge of the Antarctic atmospheric composition of Cd, Pb, and Cu are obtained by chemical fractionation of metals in the aerosol to obtain water-soluble (soluble), dilute HCl-extractable (extractable), and inert fractions. The aim is to correlate chemical fractions to metal sources. A three-step sequential extraction and square wave anodic stripping voltammetry were applied to analyze aerosol samples (PM10) collected during summer near the “M. Zucchelli” Italian Station (Victoria Land). Metal mass fractions varied as follows (min–max, average, in μg g−1): Cd 1.4–38 (11), Pb 26–83 (47), and Cu 150–840 (490). In terms of atmospheric concentrations, the values were as follows (pg m−3): Cd 0.93–39 (9.5), Pb 17–60 (33), and Cu 88–480 (340). The soluble fraction relates to the marine contribution. The extractable fraction refers mainly to local human activity. The inert fraction is associated with the crustal dust. Soluble, extractable, and inert metal fractions changed very much during the Austral summer according to changes of source types and strengths. The observations on the temporal trends, the relationships with wind direction and speed, and the correlations between the same fractions of different metals, together with results of principal component analysis, agreed with the stated associations between chemical fractions and major sources. Fractionated data are among the first even published in Antarctic research.

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  • 10 April 2018

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Acknowledgements

Financial support from the Italian Programma Nazionale di Ricerche in Antartide (PNRA, Grants PdR 2004/9.01, 2009/A2.11, 2013/AZ 3.04) under the projects on “Chemical Contamination”, “Study of sources and transfer processes of the Antarctic aerosol”, and “Air-snow exchanges and relationships for trace elements and organic compounds of climatic interest” is gratefully acknowledged. Many thanks are due to the technical personnel of Ente Nazionale Energia e Ambiente (ENEA) at Terra Nova Bay and to the scientists of the Antarctic expedition for the sampling activities on site. The authors gratefully acknowledge the NOAA Air Resources Laboratory (ARL) for the provision of the HYSPLIT transport and dispersion model and READY website (http://www.ready.noaa.gov) used in this publication.

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  1. Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131, Ancona, Italy

    C. Truzzi, A. Annibaldi, S. Illuminati, C. Mantini & G. Scarponi

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  1. C. Truzzi
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  2. A. Annibaldi
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  3. S. Illuminati
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  4. C. Mantini
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  5. G. Scarponi
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Correspondence to A. Annibaldi or S. Illuminati.

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Highlights

•Chemical fractionation of metals used to characterize Antarctic aerosol composition.

•Trace metal fractionation by a three-step sequential extraction and SWASV analysis.

•Soluble, extractable, and inert metal fractions change very much in Austral summer.

•Different fractions of Cd, Pb, and Cu are related to different aerosol sources.

•PCA helps describe fractionation-source relationship and summer evolution.

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Truzzi, C., Annibaldi, A., Illuminati, S. et al. Chemical fractionation by sequential extraction of Cd, Pb, and Cu in Antarctic atmospheric particulate for the characterization of aerosol composition, sources, and summer evolution at Terra Nova Bay, Victoria Land. Air Qual Atmos Health 10, 783–798 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-017-0470-3

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