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On middle-school students' comprehension of randomness and chance variability in data

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Abstract

Understanding variability in empirical data is at the core of statistical reasoning and thinking. Of particular interest is how students' comprehension of chance and variability develops over time. This article reports the results of a crossectional study that examined how students' statistical literacy evolves with increasing age. Our results are discussed and related to earlier studies with children by Fischbein and Green and with adults by Sedlmeier. Our study replicates in a modified from earlier investigations in other countries and confirms for German students conclusions from earlier studies. In particular, there are no indications of an improvement with increasing age. Our findings are consistent with findings in judgment research.

Kurzreferat

Im Zentrum statistischen Denkens steht der Umgang mit Variabilität in empirischen Daten und die Fähigkeit, mit Hilfe des Zufallsbegriffs nicht erklärte Variation in Daten zu modellieren. Die vorliegende Studie berichtet von einer Querschnittsuntersuchung von 222 Schülern der Klassenstufen 5, 7 und 9 zur Entwicklung des Verständnisses von Zufall und Variabilität. Dazu wurde anhand geeigneter Aufgaben untersucht, wie stark statistische Kompetenz bei Schülern ausgeprägt ist und ob sie sich mit zunehmenden Alter der Schüler verändert. Die Ergebnisse werden zu vergleichbaren früheren Untersuchungen bei Kindem von Fischbein und Green und bei Erwachsenen von Sedlmeier in Beziehung gesetzt. Die Studie repliziert in modifizierter Form frühere Untersuchungen in anderen Ländern und bestätigt für deutsche Schüler woanders gefundene Resultate. Insbesondere liegen keinerlei Anzeichen für eine Verbessenrung des Verständnisses von Zufall und Variabilität mit zunehmendem Alter der Schüler vor. Die Ergebnisse sind konsistent mit Befunden aus der Urteilsforschung bei Erwachsenen.

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Revised version of a German version of the paper by the same authors in Unterrichtswissenschaft, Zeitschrift für Lernforschung, 2, 2004, pages 169–191

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Engel, J., Sedlmeier, P. On middle-school students' comprehension of randomness and chance variability in data. Zentralblatt füur Didaktik der Mathematik 37, 168–177 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11858-005-0006-4

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