Abstract
We consider uniformly strongly elliptic systems of the second order with bounded coefficients. First, sufficient conditions for the invariance of convex bodies are obtained for linear systems without zero order term on bounded domains and quasilinear systems of special form on bounded domains and on a class of unbounded domains. These conditions are formulated in algebraic form. They describe relation between the geometry of the invariant convex body and the coefficients of the system. Next, necessary conditions, which are also sufficient, for the invariance of some convex bodies are found for elliptic homogeneous systems with constant coefficients in a half-space. The necessary conditions are derived by using a criterion on the invariance of convex bodies for normalized matrix-valued integral transforms also obtained in the paper. In contrast with the previous studies of invariant sets for elliptic systems, no a priori restrictions on the coefficient matrices are imposed.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
S. Agmon, A. Douglis, and L. Nirenberg, Estimates near the boundary for solutions of elliptic partial differential equations satisfying general boundary conditions, II., Comm. Pure Appl. Math. 17 (1964), 35–92.
N. Alikakos, Remarks on invariance in reaction-diffusion equations, Nonlinear Analysis Theory, Methods & Applications 5 (1981), 593–614.
H. Amann, Invariant sets and existence theorems for semilinear parabolic and elliptic systems, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 65 (1978), 432–467.
P. W. Bates, Containment for weakly coupled parabolic systems, Houston J. Math. 11 (1985), 151–158.
J. W. Bebernes, K. N. Chueh, and W. Fulks, Some applications of invariance for parabolic systems, Indiana Univ. Math. J. 28 (1979), 269–277.
J. W. Bebernes and K. Schmitt, Invariant sets and the Hukuhara-Kneser property for systems of parabolic partial differential equations, Rocky Mountain J. Math. 7 (1977), 557–567.
Yu. D. Burago and V. G. Maz’ya, Potential Theory and the Function Theory for Irregular Regions, Zap. Nauchn. Sem. LOMI 3 (1967); English translation: Sem. in Mathematics, V. A. Steklov Math. Inst., Leningrad 3, Consultants Bureau, New York, 1969.
K. N. Chueh, C. C. Conley, and J. A. Smoller, Positively invariant regions for systems of nonlinear diffusion equations, Indiana Univ. Math. J. 26 (1977), 373–391.
E. Conway, D. Hoff, and J. Smoller, Large time behavior of solutions of systems of nonlinear reaction-diffusion equations, SIAM J. Appl. Math. 35 (1978), 1–16.
C. Cosner and P. W. Schaefer, On the development of functionals which satisfy a maximum principle, Appl. Analysis 26 (1987), 45–60.
D. Gilbarg and N. S. Trudinger, Elliptic Partial Differential Equations of Second Order, Springer Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York-Tokyo, 1983.
G. I. Kresin and V. G. Maz’ya, Criteria for validity of the maximum modulus principle for solutions of linear parabolic systems, Ark. Math. 32 (1994), 121–155.
G. I. Kresin and V. G. Maz’ya, On the maximum principle with respect to smooth norms for linear strongly coupled parabolic systems, Functional Differential Equations 5 (1998), 349–376.
G. I. Kresin and V. G. Maz’ya, Criteria for validity of the maximum norm principle for parabolic systems, Potential Anal. 10 (1999), 243–272.
G. Kresin and V. Maz’ya, Maximum Principles and Sharp Constants for Solutions of Elliptic and Parabolic Systems, Amer. Math. Soc., Providence, RI, 2012.
G. Kresin and V. Maz’ya, Criteria for invariance of convex sets for linear parabolic systems, in Complex Analysis and Dynamical Systems VI, Amer. Math. Soc., Providence, RI, 2015, 227–241.
H. J. Kuiper, Invariant sets for nonlinear elliptic and parabolic systems, SIAM J. Math. Anal. 11 (1980), 1075–1103.
E. M. Landis, Second Order Equations of Elliptic and Parabolic Type, Amer. Math. Soc., Providence, RI, 1998.
R. Lemmert, Über die Invarianz konvexer Teilmengen eines normierten Raumes in bezug auf elliptische Differentialgleichungen, Comm. Partial Diff. Eq. 3 (1978), 297–318.
Ya. B. Lopatinskiĭ, On a method of reducing boundary value problems for systems of differential equations of elliptic type to regular integral equations, Ukrain. Mat. Žurnal 5 (1953), 123–151 (Russian).
V. G. Maz’ya and G. I. Kresin, On the maximum principle for strongly elliptic and parabolic second order systems with constant coefficients, Mat. Sb. 125(167) (1984), 458–480 (Russian); English transl.: Math. USSR Sb., 53 (1986), 457–479.
K. Otsuka, On the positivity of the fundamental solutions for parabolic systems, J. Math. Kyoto Univ. 28 (1988), 119–132.
M. H. Protter and H. F. Weinberger, Maximum Principles in Differential Equations, Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N. J., 1967; Springer-Verlag, New York, 1984.
R. Redheffer and W. Walter, Invariant sets for systems of partial differential equations. I. Parabolic equations, Arch. Rat. Mech. Anal. 67 (1978), 41–52.
R. Redheffer and W. Walter, Invariant sets for systems of partial differential equations. II. Firstorder and elliptic equations, Arch. Rat. Mech. Anal. 73 (1980), 19–29.
R. T. Rockafellar, Convex Analysis, Princeton Univ. Press, Princton, NJ, 1970.
C. Schaefer, Invariant sets and contractions for weakly coupled systems of parabolic differential equations, Rend. Mat. 13 (1980), 337–357.
Z. Ya. Shapiro, The first boundary value problem for an elliptic system of differential equations, Mat. Sb. 28(70) (1951), 55–78 (Russian).
J. Smoller, Shock Waves and Reaction-Diffusion Equations, Springer-Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York, 1983.
V. A. Solonnikov, On general boundary value problems for systems elliptic in the Douglis-Nirenberg sense, Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, ser. Mat. 28 (1964), 665–706; English transl. Amer. Math. Soc. Transl. (2) 56 (1966), 193–232.
W. Walter, Differential and Integral Inequalities, Springer, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York, 1970.
H. F. Weinberger, Invariant sets for weakly coupled parabolic and elliptic systems, Rend. Mat. 8 (1975), 295–310.
H. F. Weinberger, Some remarks on invariant sets for systems, in Maximum Principles and Eigenvalue Problems in Partial Differential Equations, Longman Scientific & Technical, 1988, pp. 189–207.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kresin, G., Maz′ya, V. Invariant convex bodies for strongly elliptic systems. JAMA 135, 203–224 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11854-018-0033-z
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11854-018-0033-z