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Sentinel-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) characteristics on shoreline demarcation and change assessment along Mandaikadu, south-west coast of India for the year 2018–2019

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Abstract

The southwest coast of India has changed dramatically as a result of natural and anthropogenic influences. The Mandaikadu coast in Tamilnadu has witnessed severe erosion activities. To understand the spatial and temporal beach morphological changes of this coast is being studied for the years 2018 and 2019. An attempt is made to map the coastal reforms using active Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) remote sensing data by delineating shoreline based on backscattering coefficient (σ°dB). The shoreline tracking and beach profiling were collected using a real-time kinematic global positioning system (RTK-GPS) for the two seasons. The study to examine; (i) SAR being able to distinguish between beach and sea in real-time conditions based on their backscattering coefficient values (ii) Otsu threshold algorithm is being used to study the backscattering signal response at grey-scale for conformity (iii) DSAS being used to compute the statistical shoreline change rate by calculating End Point Rate (EPR) for short-term changes. The results showed that the cumulative distribution difference between beach and sea backscattering values (σ°B -σ°S) tends to yield a higher value of maximum probability in co-polarised σ°VV (53%) accuracy compared to cross-polarised σ°VH (16%). The study concluded that the Mandaikadu coast experienced an average erosion rate of (-55.34 m/yr) from 2018 to 2019 mainly due to the reduction of sediment discharge and other man-made activities. This study aims to help compensate for existing shoreline mapping especially with adverse weather conditions during the monsoon season. In the future, based on the findings of the study will be carried out for the entire Indian coast.

Research Highlights

  • Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) characteristics on shoreline extractions

  • Otsu threshold algorithm is applied to delineate the wet and dry pixels within a greyscale limit

  • RTK-GPS and Hand-held GPS point measurement and beach profile datasets are used for validation

  • The study examines the backscattering behaviour of σ°VV, σ°VH polarisation suitability for shoreline extraction.

  • The two different seasons SAR result exhibits σ°VV found suitable for shoreline extractions along the sandy beaches.

  • The shoreline analysis using DSAS (the most popular method for shoreline change assessment is studied.

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Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge Director, National Centre for Coastal Research (NCCR), Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India, Chennai. The author would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. Also the authors would like to thank to European Space Agency for providing the Sentinel-1 SAR datasets freely available for this study. Our Sincere thanks to colleagues and all those who helped during the ground truth survey and analysis of satellite data.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Centre for Coastal Research, Ministry of Earth Sciences, NIOT Campus, Pallikaranai, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India

    P. Thanabalan, R. S. Kankara & K. Prabhu

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  1. P. Thanabalan
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  2. R. S. Kankara
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  3. K. Prabhu
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Correspondence to P. Thanabalan.

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Thanabalan, P., Kankara, R.S. & Prabhu, K. Sentinel-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) characteristics on shoreline demarcation and change assessment along Mandaikadu, south-west coast of India for the year 2018–2019. J Coast Conserv 26, 9 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11852-022-00855-6

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