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Evaluation of geomorphic changes and retreat rates of a coastal pyroclastic cliff in the Campi Flegrei volcanic district, southern Italy

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Abstract

Geomorphic evolution of sea cliffs has significant impact on coastal settlements worldwide, so that evaluation of cliff instability processes, failure factors, and retreat rates involves a growing number of scientists for coastal risk and management purposes. Aerial photogrammetry and lidar are among the most used techniques for topographic characterization and geomorphic monitoring of coastal environments. A crucial role in the combined use of such techniques is the evaluation of different spatial accuracy and co-registration between derived terrain models, so that a robust error analysis is required. In this study, we present a change detection analysis of the Torrefumo coastal cliff, in the Campi Flegrei volcanic area (Southern Italy). Aerial images taken in 1956 and 1974, processed through digital photogrammetry, and an airborne lidar point cloud acquired in 2008 were used to produce Digital Elevation Models of the cliff. The analysis was based on the multi-temporal comparison of these models and included the calculation of volumetric changes and average retreat rates of the cliff face with reference to the 1956–1974 and 1974–2008 time intervals. The spatially variable elevation uncertainty of each Digital Elevation Model was evaluated with a probabilistic approach based on the fuzzy set theory. The results of this study showed significant eroded volumes during the period 1956–1974 and relatively smaller volumes in the 1974–2008 time span, with mean annual retreat rates of 1.2 m/year and 0.17 m/year, respectively. We infer that the significant decrease of erosion characterizing the second period was induced by the sheltering effect at the base of the cliff produced by the construction of a seawall in the early 80’s.

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Acknowledgements

The work described in this publication was supported by grants of the MIUR-ITEMS project (Innovative Technologies for Emergency Management Systems) of the Italian Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology (INGV) and the Research Project PON MONICA (contract no. PON01_01525). We are thankful to the Metropolitan City of Naples - Geographic Information System Service for providing lidar data, and to three anonymous reviewers for their critical revisions and suggestions to improve this paper.

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  1. Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, della Terra e dell’Ambiente e Centro di GeoTecnologie (CGT), Università di Siena, Via Vetri Vecchi 34, 52027, San Giovanni Valdarno, Italy

    Giuseppe Esposito & Riccardo Salvini

  2. Istituto per l’Ambiente Marino Costiero (IAMC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Napoli, Italy

    Fabio Matano & Marco Sacchi

  3. Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia - Osservatorio Vesuviano (INGV-OV), Napoli, Italy

    Claudia Troise

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  1. Giuseppe Esposito
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Correspondence to Giuseppe Esposito.

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Esposito, G., Salvini, R., Matano, F. et al. Evaluation of geomorphic changes and retreat rates of a coastal pyroclastic cliff in the Campi Flegrei volcanic district, southern Italy. J Coast Conserv 22, 957–972 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11852-018-0621-1

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