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Normal values for pediatric urinary biochemistry in early infancy

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Abstract

Background

Urinary levels of N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), α1-microglobulin (α1-MG), and β2-microglobulin (β2-MG) are measured as markers of renal tubular damage. We previously determined normal values for these urine biochemical examinations in healthy children over 3 years old. However, the values are not applicable to children younger than 2 years old, and children less than 1 year old, in particular, seem to show very high levels for all these markers. Hence, as normal values for children below 2 years old remain unclear, we determined the normal values for urinary biochemical markers in this age group.

Material and methods

Fresh urine samples were obtained from 293 healthy children (from newborns to 2-year-old children). All the samples were subjected to normal urinalysis. NAG, α1-MG, β2-MG, and creatinine (Cr) levels in extracted samples were measured immediately in the central laboratory at Kanazawa Medical Center.

Results

The normal values for each biomarker in children below 2 years of age were determined. Additionally, urinary α1-MG levels were observed to decrease most rapidly with age, almost reaching the level at ≥ 3 years by 6 months after birth.

Conclusion

Renal tubular function can be evaluated in children < 3 years old using the normal values. Further, the most stable and useful urinary marker from early infancy seems to be urinary α1-MG.

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Fig. 1

Data Availability

It would be great if many doctors could use these data in clinical practice.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to express our deep gratitude to the staff of the Clinical Laboratory Department of the Kanazawa Medical Center for measuring various biomarkers.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatrics, Kanazawa Medical Center, National Hospital Organization, 1-1 Shimo-Ishibiki, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8650, Japan

    Kazuhide Ohta, Mika Inoue & Shinobu Sakazume

  2. Department of Pediatrics, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan

    Takuma Fujiki

  3. Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical, and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan

    Tadafumi Yokoyama

  4. Department of Internal Medicine, Infusion and Preventive Clinic, Fukuoka, Japan

    Shinji Maeda

Authors
  1. Kazuhide Ohta
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  2. Takuma Fujiki
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  3. Tadafumi Yokoyama
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  4. Shinji Maeda
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  5. Mika Inoue
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  6. Shinobu Sakazume
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Contributions

KO, TF, and TY designed this study; KO, MI, and SS collected samples and summarized the measurement results in a list; SM and TF performed statistical analysis from the obtained data; all the authors reviewed the manuscript draft and approved the final version of the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kazuhide Ohta.

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Ethics approval

This study was approved by the institutional review board of Kanazawa Medical Center (protocol number: 2010–029).

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no competing interests.

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Ohta, K., Fujiki, T., Yokoyama, T. et al. Normal values for pediatric urinary biochemistry in early infancy. Ir J Med Sci 192, 2507–2511 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11845-023-03296-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11845-023-03296-8

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