Abstract
The paper examines key factors affecting the marketing of various types of Non-Wood Forest Products and Services (NWFP&S) through a comparative analysis of case studies in Europe, according to the main results of Working Group 3 (WG3) of the COST Action E30 ‘Economic integration of urban consumers’ demand and rural forestry production. Seventeen Italian case studies have been analysed in addition to the COST Action E30 experiences. Products and services are classified within a conceptual framework developed by the WG3 and described in detail according to three main categories: mass-produced, specialized and complementary NWFP&S. Especially this latter category can play a relevant role in improving the profitability of small and medium-scale forest-based enterprises and in maintaining competitiveness of the forest product-consumer chain in rural areas, but new marketing strategies are necessary for commercial success. Differentiation, integration and creation of networking among both private and public actors and the development of the so-called ‘territorial marketing’ are considered the most important tools for the role of complementary NWFP&S in improving the economic value of small-scale forestry in marginal areas.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.



References
American Marketing Association (2006). The dictionary of marketing terms. http://www.marketingpower.com/mg-dictionary.php. Accessed 17 Apr 2007
Burrows J, Sanness B (1998) The competitive climate for wood products and paper packaging. The factors causing substitution with emphasis on environmental promotions. Joint FAO/ECE Team of Public Relations Specialists in the Forest and Forest Industries Sector. Living Forests, Oslo
Campos Palacin P (1993) Valores comerciales y ambientales de las dehesas españolas. Agricultura y Sociedad 66:9–41
Collier P, Short I, Dorgan J (2004) Markets for non-wood forest products. COFORD, Dublin
Essmann HF, Andrian G, Pettenella D, Vantomme P (2007) Influence of globalization on forests and forestry. Allgemeine Forst- und Jagdzeitung 4(178):59–67
FAO (1995) Edible nuts. Non-wood forest products for rural income and sustainable forestry, No. 5. FAO, Rome
Finnish Ministry of the Environment (2002) Ohjelma luonnon virkistyskäytön ja luontomatkailun kehittämiseksi. Suomen ympäristö 535
Font X, Tribe J (eds) (2000) Forest tourism and recreation. Case studies in environmental management. CABI, Wallingford
Grönroos C (2000) Service management and marketing: a customer relationship management approach. Wiley & Sons, Chichester
Helles F, Thorsen BJ (2005) Denmark. Country studies. In: Jáger L (ed) COST E30 Economic integration of urban consumers’ demand and rural forestry production. Forest sector entrepreneurship in Europe. Acta Silvatica and Lignaria Hungarica. Special Edition, pp 145–170
Honkala AM (2001) Oulangan kansallispuiston kävijätutkimus 2000. Nordic Business Centre, Naturpolis
Jáger L (ed) (2005) COST E30 Economic integration of urban consumers’ demand and rural forestry production. Forest sector entrepreneurship in Europe. Acta Silvatica and Lignaria Hungarica. Special Edition
Kotler P, Armstrong G, Saunders J, Wong V (1996) Principles of marketing. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River
Lober DJ, Misen MD (1995) The greening of retailing Certification and the home improvement industry. J For 93(4):38–41
Luostarinen M (2005) Ekologinen klusteri ja innovaatiopolitiikka. Ecological cluster and innovation policy. Maa- ja Elintarviketalous 70
Mantau U, Merlo M, Sekot W, Welcker B (2001) Recreational and environmental markets for forest enterprises. CABI, Wallingford
Mantau U, Schraml U, Kastenholz E, Brogt T (2005) Germany. Country studies. In: Jáger L (ed) COST E30 Economic integration of urban consumers’ demand and rural forestry production. Forest sector entrepreneurship in Europe. Acta Silvatica and Lignaria Hungarica. Special Edition, pp 245–296
Mantau U, Wong J, Curl S (2006) Towards a Taxonomy of Forest Goods and Services (FOGS). In: Niskanen A (ed) Issues affecting enterprise development in the forest sector in Europe. University of Joensuu, Faculty of Forestry. Res Notes 169:285–298
Marshall E, Schreckenberg K, Newton AC (eds) (2006) Commercialization of non-timber forest products Factors influencing success. UNEP, WCMC, Cambridge
Matilainen A, Aro M (2002) Luontoyrittäjyyteen liittyvät mielikuvat. Helsingin yliopiston Maaseudun tutkimus- ja koulutuskeskus, sarja B:24
Meadley J (1989) The commercial implications of new crops. In: Wickens GE, Haq N, Day P (eds) New crops for food and industry. Chapman and Hall, London, pp 23–28
Mendes C, Feliciano D (2005) Portugal. Country studies. In: Jáger L (ed) COST E30 Economic integration of urban consumers’ demand and rural forestry production. Forest sector entrepreneurship in Europe. Acta Silvatica and Lignaria Hungarica. Special Edition, pp 555–642
Mészáros K, Jáger L, Hegedüs A (2005) Hungary. Country studies. In: Jáger L (ed) COST E30 Economic integration of urban consumers’ demand and rural forestry production. Forest sector entrepreneurship in Europe. Acta Silvatica and Lignaria Hungarica. Special Edition, pp 297–333
Merlo M, Croitoru L (eds) (2005) Valuing Mediterranean forests: towards total economic value. CABI, Wallingford
Ollonqvist P, Aarne M, Hänninen R, Kallio M, Kärnä J, Karppinen H, Packalen K, Rimmler T, Toppinen A, Kajanus M, Matilainen A, Rutanen J, Kurki S, Peltoniemi J, Saarinen J (2005) Finland. Country studies. In: Jáger L (ed) COST E30 Economic integration of urban consumers’ demand and rural forestry production. Forest sector entrepreneurship in Europe. Acta Silvatica and Lignaria Hungarica. Special Edition, pp 171–243
Pagiola S, Bishop J, Landell-Mills N (eds) (2002) Selling forest environmental services. Market-based mechanisms for conservation and development. Earthscan, London
Parcul National Cozia (2007) Turism. http://www.cozia.ro. Accessed 18 Apr 2007
Pettenella D (2001) Marketing perspectives and instruments for chestnut products and services. In: Heiniger U (ed) Castanea sativa: pathology, genetic resources, ecology and silviculture. For Snow Landscape Res 3:76
Pettenella D, Ciccarese L, Dragoi S, Hegedus A, Hingston A, Klöhn S, Matilainen A, Posavec S, Thorfinnsson T (2006) NWFP&S marketing: lessons learned from case studies in Europe. In: Niskanen A (ed) Issues affecting enterprise development in the forest sector in Europe. Faculty of Forestry, University of Joensuu. Res Notes 169:367–403
Pettenella D, Klöhn S, Brun F, Carbone F, Venzi L, Cesaro L, Ciccarese L (2005) Italy. Country studies. In: Jáger L (ed) COST E30 Economic integration of urban consumers’ demand and rural forestry production. Forest sector entrepreneurship in Europe. Acta Silvatica and Lignaria Hungarica. Special Edition, pp 383–435
Rutanen J, Luostarinen M (2000) Luontoyrittäjyys Suomessa. Alueelliset verkostot: Luontoyrittäminen, matkailu- ja maaseutuklusteri –hankkeen loppuraportti. Maatalouden tutkimuskeskuksen julkaisuja, Sarja B 23
Ryymin J (2005) Matkailun ohjelmapalvelut, toimialaraportti 14/2005. KTM:n ja TE-keskusten julkaisu
Saarinen J (2003) The regional economics of tourism in Northern Finland: the socio-economic implications of recent tourism development and future possibilities for regional development. Scand J Hospitality Tourism 3(2):91–113
Seeland K, Ballesteros N, Berger T (2005) Switzerland. Country studies. In: Jáger L (ed) COST E30 Economic integration of urban consumers’ demand and rural forestry production. Forest sector entrepreneurship in Europe. Acta Silvatica and Lignaria Hungarica. Special Edition, pp 695–724
Shanley P, Pierce A, Laird S (2005) Beyond timber: certification of non timber forest products. http://www.foresttrends.org/documents/publications. Accessed 23 Apr 2007
Shocker AD, Bayus BL, Kim N (2004) Product complements and substitutes in the real world: the relevance of ‘other products. J Mark 68(1):28–40
Slee B, Ingram J, Cooper R, Martin S, Wong J (2005) The United Kingdom. Country studies. In: Jáger L (ed) COST E30 Economic integration of urban consumers’ demand and rural forestry production. Forest sector entrepreneurship in Europe. Acta Silvatica and Lignaria Hungarica. Special Edition, pp 725–778
Yavuz F, Korkmaz F, Birinci A, Albisu LM (1999) An economic overview of the nut sector in Turkey. Economics of nuts in the Mediterranean basin. Proceedings of the seminar of the Sub Network on Economics of the FAO CIHEAM Inter Regional Cooperative Research and Development Network on Nuts, Zaragoza (Spain), 19–20 December 1996. Options Mediterraneennes. Serie A, Seminaires Mediterraneens 37, pp 113–126
UNECE/FAO (2007) Forest products price database. http://www.unece.org/trade/timber/mis/price-stats.htm. Accessed 26 Apr 2007
UNSD 1992 (2002) Commodity trade statistics database. United Nations Statistics Division. Available at: http://unstats.un.org. Accessed 10 Apr 2007
Zajac S, Golos P, Laskowska K, Adamczyk W, Czemko B, Jodlowski K, Kalinowski M, Lis W, Staniszewski P, Zastocki D, Janeczko E (2005) Country studies. Poland. In: Jáger L (ed) COST E30 Economic integration of urban consumers’ demand and rural forestry production. Forest sector entrepreneurship in Europe. Acta Silvatica and Lignaria Hungarica. Special Edition, pp 509–554
Acknowledgements
The contents of this paper were discussed in the COST E30 WG3 which included Lorenzo Ciccarese (Environmental Protection Agency, Italy), Simona Dragoi (Forest Research and Management Institute, Romania), Attila Hegedus (University of West Hungary, Hungary), Amy Hingston (Galway Mayo Institute of Technology, Ireland), Susanne Klöhn (University of Padua, Italy), Anne Matilainen (University of Helsinki – Ruralia Institute, Finland), Stjepan Posavec (University of Zagreb, Croatia) and Thor Thorfinnsson (Iceland Forest Service, Iceland). We have particularly benefited from the input and discussion with Anne Matilainen.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Pettenella, D., Secco, L. & Maso, D. NWFP&S Marketing: Lessons Learned and New Development Paths from Case Studies in Some European Countries. Small-scale Forestry 6, 373–390 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11842-007-9032-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11842-007-9032-0
Keywords
- Mass-produced
- Specialized and complementary NWFP&S
- Territorial marketing
- Networking