This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
References
M. Grant, History of Rome (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1978), p. 126
C. Hibbert, Rome, The Biography of a City (New York: W.W. Norton and Co., 1985), pp. 16–17.
T.A. Rickard, Man and Metals (New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1932), p. 430.
In Ref. 2, p. 19.
J. Poss, Stones of Destiny (Houghton, MI: Michigan Tech U. Press, 1975), plate 71.
E. Rosenthal, Gold! Gold! Gold! (New York: MacMillan Co., 1970), p. 70.
In Ref. 5, p. 116.
R.M. Smith, Spain (Ann Arbor, MI: U. Michigan Press, 1965), p. 8.
J. Boardman and J. Griffin, eds., The Oxford History of the Roman World (New York: Oxford U. Press, 1991), p. 57.
Translated by Herbert and Lou Hoover, Agricola, De Re Metallica (London: The Mining Magazine, 1912), footnote, p. 83.
In Ref. 5, p. 124
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Editor’s Note: One of 15 parts, this article and the installments that follow revisit the historical record and reference figures of the past to show how mining, minerals, and metals have profoundly influenced conflict, religion, technology, economics, and mass migration on both macro- and microscales.
Raymond L. Smith is a past (emeritus) president of Michigan Technological University, and is currently chair of the board of Community Water Company of Green Valley, and a member of the board of LS&I Railroad.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Smith, R.L. The impact of metals on society part IV: Rome. JOM 50, 48–49 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-998-0460-x
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-998-0460-x