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Kinetic and Thermodynamic Studies on Lead-Rich Slag Reduction at Various CaO/SiO2 Ratios

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Abstract

A bath smelting furnace is a clean technology replacing sinter machines to simultaneously produce lead-rich slag and lead metal. Lead-rich slag can be used as a feedstock for blast furnaces or smelting reduction furnaces to produce lead metal. Understanding the reduction mechanism of lead-rich slag by carbon provides useful information for the complete reduction of the lead oxide. Kinetic studies on the reduction of lead-rich slags with CaO/SiO2 ratios of 0.38, 0.56, and 0.80 were carried out in the temperature range 1073–1473 K. The volume of the product gas was measured continuously to represent the extent of lead-rich slag reduction. It was found that the reduction was initially chemically controlled and then diffusion controlled. At the chemically-controlled stage, the activation energy of the reduction was higher at lower CaO/SiO2 ratios. An increase of the CaO/SiO2 ratio from 0.38 to 0.56 can decrease the activation energy from 273 kJ/mol to 95 kJ/mol. At the diffusion-controlled stage, the activation energy was determined to be 392 kJ/mol, 294 kJ/mol, and 280 kJ/mol for the slags with CaO/SiO2 ratios of 0.38, 0.56, and 0.80, respectively. Formation of liquid plays an important role in the reduction of the lead-rich slag. The reduction mechanism has been analyzed by experimental results and thermodynamic calculations.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Materials Metallurgy and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, China

    Sui Xie, Chunfa Liao & Baojun Zhao

  2. Sustainable Minerals Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia

    Baojun Zhao

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  1. Sui Xie
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  2. Chunfa Liao
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Xie, S., Liao, C. & Zhao, B. Kinetic and Thermodynamic Studies on Lead-Rich Slag Reduction at Various CaO/SiO2 Ratios. JOM 74, 3625–3633 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-022-05413-x

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