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Fundamental Theory on Pyrometallurgy Direct Smelting of Waste Printed Circuit Boards

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Abstract

A fundamental theory on pyrometallurgic direct smelting of waste printed circuit boards was investigated in this work. First, the effects of the Fe/SiO2 (mass ratio) and CaO/SiO2 (mass ratio) on the liquidus temperature and viscosity of slag were systematically analyzed at a PO2 value of 10–12 atm. Then, a verification experiment was carried out. Thermodynamic calculation results showed that the liquidus temperature of slag first decreased then increased as Fe/SiO2 and CaO/SiO2 were increased. At 1250°C, the viscosity of slag is lower than 0.5 Pa s in the Fe/SiO2 range of (0.8–1.2):1 and CaO/SiO2 range of (0.25–0.85):1. The verification experiment indicated that an alloy with high content copper can be obtained. Microanalysis of the alloy and slag demonstrated that the distinguishable crystal phase in the alloy mainly contained metallic copper, metallic iron, and a small amount of intermetallic compounds such as (Fe, Ni) and Ni3Sn2. The slag was mainly composed of fayalite (Fe2SiO4), calcium silicate (Ca2SiO4, CaSiO3), and gehlenite (Ca2Al2SiO7).

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Acknowledgements

This study is supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2019YFC1908404, 2019YFC1908405), National Natural Science Foundation of China (52004111, 51904124), Program of Qingjiang Excellent Young Talents, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, and Key Projects of Jiangxi Key R&D Plan (20192ACB70017).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Green Metallurgy and Process Intensification, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China

    Zhongtang Zhang, Kang Yan, Huaping Nie & Ruixiang Wang

  2. Jiangxi College of Applied Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China

    Zhifeng Xu

  3. Ganzhou Engineering Technology Research Center of Green Metallurgy and Process Intensification, Ganzhou, China

    Zhongtang Zhang, Kang Yan, Huaping Nie, Ruixiang Wang & Zhifeng Xu

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  1. Zhongtang Zhang
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  2. Kang Yan
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  3. Huaping Nie
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  4. Ruixiang Wang
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  5. Zhifeng Xu
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Correspondence to Kang Yan or Zhifeng Xu.

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Zhang, Z., Yan, K., Nie, H. et al. Fundamental Theory on Pyrometallurgy Direct Smelting of Waste Printed Circuit Boards. JOM 73, 2549–2557 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-021-04718-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-021-04718-7

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