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Behavior and Mechanism of Indium Extraction from Waste Liquid-Crystal Display Panels by Microwave-Assisted Chlorination Metallurgy

  • Adaptive Metallurgical Processing Technologies for Strategic Metal Recycling
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Abstract

Using ammonium chloride as a chlorination agent, indium in waste liquid-crystal display panels was successfully extracted by microwave-assisted chloride metallurgy under vacuum pressure. The optimal conditions for indium extraction from pure indium oxide were explored through single-factor and orthogonal experiments, achieving an indium extraction ratio of 98.91% when the temperature was 500°C, the Cl/In molar ratio was 8, and the heating duration was 3 min for pure In2O3. The Cl/In molar ratio exhibited the most important effect on the indium extraction ratio, followed by the heating temperature and duration. When extracting indium from waste liquid-crystal display panel powder (–13 µm) after ball milling, the indium extraction ratio was nearly 79.46% when using an ammonium chloride mass ratio of 0.6 wt.%, temperature of 500°C, and heating duration of 3 min. Excess gaseous hydrogen chloride reacts with ammonia to form ammonium chloride during the condensation, thereby avoiding emission of hydrogen chloride into the environment. The results of this work indicate that this technology represents a promising option for the extraction of indium from waste liquid-crystal display panels with a very short heating duration and relatively low chlorination agent loss, as well as no harmful gas emissions.

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Abbreviations

LCD:

Liquid-crystal display

ITO:

Indium tin oxide

∆G :

Gibbs free energy

∆H :

Enthalpy

∆S :

Entropy

T :

Absolute temperature

Q :

Reaction entropy

k :

Reaction rate constant

A :

Frequency factor

Ea :

Activation energy

R :

Ideal gas constant

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Acknowledgements

We gratefully acknowledge the financial support from Natural Science Foundation of China (51678353, 52070127), Shanghai Natural Science Foundation (20ZR1421100), Gaoyuan Discipline of Shanghai–Environmental Science and Engineering (Resource Recycling Science and Engineering), Cultivation discipline fund of Shanghai Polytechnic University (XXKPY1601), Eastern Scholar Professorship Grant, Shanghai Polytechnic University Program (EGD19XQD02), Shanghai Youth Science and Technology Talent Sailing Plan (17YF1425600), Special Found for Basic Business Expenses of Public Welfare Research Institutes at the Central Level (2016T10), and Henan Key Laboratory of Coal Green Conversion (Henan Polytechnic University, CGCF201803).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research Center of Resource Recycling Science and Engineering, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shanghai, 201209, China

    Shuai Chen, Jie Guan, Hao Yuan, Hongcheng Wu, Guilan Gao, Yaoguang Guo, Jue Dai & Ruijing Su

  2. School of Environmental and Materials Engineering, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shanghai, 201209, China

    Shuai Chen, Jie Guan, Hao Yuan, Hongcheng Wu, Guilan Gao, Yaoguang Guo, Jue Dai & Ruijing Su

  3. Henan Key Laboratory of Coal Green Conversion, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454003, China

    Shuai Chen

  4. Shanghai Wobai Environmental Development Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 201209, China

    Hongcheng Wu

  5. Shanghai Julang Environmental Protection Technology Development Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 201712, China

    Weixing Gu

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  1. Shuai Chen
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Chen, S., Guan, J., Yuan, H. et al. Behavior and Mechanism of Indium Extraction from Waste Liquid-Crystal Display Panels by Microwave-Assisted Chlorination Metallurgy. JOM 73, 1290–1300 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-021-04590-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-021-04590-5

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