Abstract
The effects of trace silver (Ag) on the precipitation behavior of strengthening phases and the mechanical properties of Al-Cu alloys have been investigated by performance testing, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Ag retarded the aging response of the Al-Cu alloys. The density of the θ′′ and θ′ phases decreased with increasing Ag content in under- and peak-aged alloys, and there was almost no θ′ phase in the 0.12 wt.% Ag alloy in the under-aged state. The θ′ phase morphology was narrower and longer after addition of Ag. Fatigue striations became more obvious and their spacing reduced at the fracture surface of experimental alloys with increasing Ag content, reflecting an improvement in the fatigue life of the alloys. On addition of 0.06 wt.% or 0.12 wt.% Ag, the fatigue life of the Al-Cu alloys was increased by 72.7% and 155.5%, respectively.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Z. Chen, Q. Shu, and Y. Chen, Mater. Sci. Technol. 15, 718 (2007).
Y. Chen, W. Liu, and S. Yuan, JOM 67, 938 (2015).
Y. Ando, K. Mihama, T. Takahashi, and Y. Kojima, J. Cryst. Growth 24–25, 581 (1974).
Z. Shen, Q. Ding, C. Liu, J. Wang, H. Tian, J. Li, and Z. Zhang, J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 33, 1159 (2017).
D. Porter, E. Kenneth, and M. Sherif, Transformations in Metals and Alloys, 3rd ed. (London: Taylor & Francis, 1992).
R. Lumley and I. Polmear, Scr. Mater. 50, 1227 (2004).
T. Sato, S. Hirosawa, K. Hirose, and T. Maeguchi, Metall. Mater. Trans. A 34, 2745 (2003).
B. Sofyan, I. Polmear, and S. Ringer, Mater. Sci. Forum 396–402, 613 (2002).
D. Xiao, J. Wang, D. Ding, and S. Chen, J. Alloys Compd. 343, 77 (2002).
S. Maloney, I. Polmear, and S. Ringer, Mater. Sci. Forum 396–402, 631 (2002).
K. Hono, N. Sano, S. Babu, R. Okano, and T. Sakurai, Acta Mater. 41, 82 (1993).
A. Mukhopadhyay, G. Eggeler, and B. Skrotzki, Scr. Mater. 44, 545 (2001).
W. Rainforth, L. Rylands, and H. Jones, Scr. Mater. 35(2), 261 (1996).
T. Ogura, A. Hirose, and T. Sato, Mater. Sci. Forum 638, 297 (2010).
L. Lin, Z. Liu, W. Liu, Y. Zhou, and T. Huang, J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 34, 534 (2018).
J. Rosalie, L. Bourgeois, and C. Muddle, Light Metals (Springer, 2012), pp. 307–312.
J. Rosalie and L. Bourgeois, Acta Mater. 60, 6033 (2012).
W. Gayle and M. Goodway, Science 266, 1015 (1994).
L. Bourgeois, C. Dwyer, M. Weyland, J. Nie, and B. Muddle, Acta Mater. 60, 633 (2012).
B. Huang and Z. Zheng, Acta Mater. 46, 4381 (1998).
S. Bai, X. Zhou, Z. Liu, P. Ying, M. Liu, and S. Zeng, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 637, 183 (2015).
S. Pogatscher, E. Kozeschnik, H. Antrekowitsch, M. Werinos, S. Gerstl, J. Löffler, and P. Uggowitzer, Scr. Mater. 89, 53 (2014).
E. Ozawa and H. Kimura, Acta Mater. 18, 995 (1970).
S. Zufiqar, H. Sardar, Z. Rehman, R. Sardar, and B. Farida, Surf. Rev. Lett. 21, 1450072 (2014).
S. Hirosawa, F. Nakamura, and T. Sato, Mater. Sci. Forum 561–565, 283 (2007).
S. Ringer, K. Hono, I. Polmear, and T. Sakurai, Acta Mater. 44, 1883 (1996).
D. Vaughan, Acta Mater. 16, 563 (1968).
A. Suzuki and H. Kimura, Mater. Sci. Eng. 6, 384 (1970).
M. Silcock, J. Heal, and K. Hardy, J. Inst. Met. 82, 239 (1954).
D. Shin, A. Shyam, S. Lee, Y. Yamamoto, and J. Haynes, Acta Mater. 327–340, 141 (2017).
H. Liu, Y. Gao, L. Qi, Y. Wang, and J. Nie, Metall. Mater. Trans. A 46, 3287 (2015).
D. Broek, Eng. Fract. Mech. 5, 55 (1973).
G. Zhang, G. Liu, X. Ding, J. Sun, Z. Tong, Y. Shao, and K. Chen, Rare. Met. Mater. Eng. 33, 35 (2004).
Y. Liu, Z. Liu, Y. Li, Q. Xia, and J. Zhou, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 492, 333 (2008).
S. Suresh and R. Ritchie, Int. Mater. Rev. 29, 445 (2013).
Acknowledgements
The authors acknowledge financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51474101, 51271076 and 51474195) and the Aluminum Alloy Laboratory of Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zhu, C., Wang, S., Wu, Z. et al. Effect of Trace Silver on Precipitation Behavior of Strengthening Phases and Mechanical Properties of Aluminum-Copper Alloys. JOM 72, 2957–2964 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-020-04179-4
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-020-04179-4