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Effect of Magnesium and Osteoblast Cell Presence on Hydroxyapatite Formation on (Ti,Mg)N Thin Film Coatings

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Abstract

TiN and (Ti,Mg)N thin film coatings were deposited on Ti substrates by an arc-physical vapor deposition technique. The effect of cell presence on hydroxyapatite (HA) formation was investigated using surfaces with four different Mg contents (0, 8.1, 11.31, and 28.49 at.%). Accelerated corrosion above 10 at.% Mg had a negative effect on the performance in terms of both cell proliferation and mineralization. In the absence of cells, Mg-free TiN coatings and low-Mg (8.1 at.%)-doped (Ti,Mg)N surfaces led to an early HA deposition (after 7 days and 14 days, respectively) in cell culture medium (DMEM), but the crystallinity was low. More crystalline HA structures were obtained in the presence of the cells. HA deposits with an ideal Ca/P ratio were obtained at least a week earlier, at day 14, in TiN and low-Mg (8.1 at.%)-doped (Ti,Mg)N compared with that of high-Mg-containing surfaces (>10 at.%). A thicker mineralized matrix was formed on low-Mg (8.1 at.%)-doped (Ti,Mg)N relative to that of the TiN sample. Low-Mg doping (<10 at.%) into TiN coatings resulted in better cell proliferation and thicker mineralized matrix formation, so it could be a promising alternative for hard tissue applications.

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported by “The Scientific and Research Council of Turkey” (TUBITAK –Project #112M339). The authors gratefully thank the ITU Graduate School of Science, Engineering and Technology for ITU-BAP Graduate Student Project #34525.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Molecular Biology, Genetics and Biotechnology Program, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey

    Sakip Onder & Fatma Nese Kok

  2. Biomedical Engineering Program, Isık University, 34980, Sile, Istanbul, Turkey

    Sakip Onder

  3. Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Yeditepe University, 34755, Kayisdagi, Istanbul, Turkey

    Ayse Ceren Calikoglu-Koyuncu & Gamze Torun Kose

  4. BIOMATEN, Center of Excellence in Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, METU, 06800, Ankara, Turkey

    Ayse Ceren Calikoglu-Koyuncu & Gamze Torun Kose

  5. Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey

    Kursat Kazmanli & Mustafa Urgen

  6. Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey

    Fatma Nese Kok

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  1. Sakip Onder
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Correspondence to Fatma Nese Kok.

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11837_2016_2029_MOESM1_ESM.tif

Supplementary Fig. S-1 HA nucleation on (a) TiN after 7 days and on (b) 8.1, (c) 11.31, and (d) 28.49 at.% Mg-doped (Ti,Mg)N surfaces after 14 days of incubation. Arrows show droplets. Inserts show a closer look for HA nucleation sites (dark fields on the surfaces) (TIFF 1933 kb)

11837_2016_2029_MOESM2_ESM.tif

Supplementary Fig. S-2 SEM micrograph showing the general behavior of hFOB cells on 8.1 at.% Mg-doped TiN surfaces at (a) 7, (b) 14, (c) 21, and (d) 35 days (TIFF 1132 kb)

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Onder, S., Calikoglu-Koyuncu, A.C., Torun Kose, G. et al. Effect of Magnesium and Osteoblast Cell Presence on Hydroxyapatite Formation on (Ti,Mg)N Thin Film Coatings. JOM 69, 1195–1205 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-016-2029-4

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