Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Upgrading Metals Via Direct Reduction from Poly-metallic Titaniferous Magnetite Ore

  • Published:
JOM Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Pre-reduction is the thermo-chemical beneficiation process which is very useful technique for upgradation of metal values from complex low grade ore. The isothermal reduction behaviour of eastern Indian titaniferous magnetite lump ore without pre-treatment, pre-treated and ore-coke composite briquettes has been investigated in the present study. During pre-reduction of lump ore at 1473 K, magnetite and some part of ilmenite are transformed to metallic iron but most of the ilmenite has not reduced. Pre-treatment by multiple heating to high temperature (1373 K and 1473 K, respectively) and subsequently sudden cooling to room temperature by water successfully increase the porosity as well as many fissures in dense grain, which significantly enhance the degree of reduction. Ilmenite and magnetite phases are transformed to pseudobrookite and hematite during high temperature air soaking, and metallic iron is the dominant phase after reduction. Metallic iron and titanium dioxide are the major phases after reduction at 1373 K, but treatments above 1413 K lead to the formation of ferrous pseudobrookite (FeTi2O5). Finally, the different constitutes are separated by magnetic separation. The phases of reduced pre-treated and briquettes samples cannot be separated by magnetic separation, whereas reduced lump ore is separated successfully. The cause is perhaps due to association and interlocking of high intensity magnetic metallic iron with titanium oxide. Fe:TiO2 is upgraded about to 7.06:1 in the magnetic fraction of reduced lump ore which is formerly 2.14:1 in the case of raw ore. Vanadium is simultaneously distributed at a 3.81:1 ratio in magnetic and non-magnetic fraction.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. R.R. Moskalyk and A.M. Alfantazi, Miner. Eng. 16, 793 (2003).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. U.S. Geological Survey Minerals Yearbook Vanadium-2011 [Advance Release] p-80.3.

  3. Y. Wang and Z. Yuan, Int. J. Miner. Process. 81, 133 (2006).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. V.E. Roshchin, A.V. Asanov, and A.V. Roshchin, Russ. Metal. 2011, 499–508 (2011).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. R.H. Nafziger and R.R. Jordan, Metall. Trans. B 14B, 55 (1983).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. M.M. Manamela and P.C. Pistorius, J. South. Afr. Inst. Min. and Metall. 105, 183 (2005).

    Google Scholar 

  7. E. Park and O. Ostrovski, ISIJ Int. 44, 74 (2004).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. E. Park and O. Ostrovski, ISIJ Int. 44, 999 (2004).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. J. Dang, H. Xiaojun, G. Zhang, X. Hou, X. Yung, and K. Chou, High Temp. Mater. P-Us 0, 1 (2013).

    Google Scholar 

  10. H. Hu, X. Lv, C. Bai, Z. Lun, and G. Qiu, Metal. Mater. Trans. B 44B, 252 (2013).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. A.A. Nikolaev, D.E. Kirpichev, A.V. Nikolaev, Y.V. Tsvetkov, and A.A. Morozov, Inorg. Mater: App Re. 2, 224 (2011).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. D. Chen, B. Song, L.N. Wang, T. Qi, Y. Wang, and W.J. Wang, Miner. Eng. 24, 864 (2011).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. D.Q. Zhu, Y.F. Guo, G.Z. Qui, and T. Jiang, J. Cent. South Univ. Technol. 31, 208 (2000).

    Google Scholar 

  14. T. Hu, X. Lv, C. Bai, Z. Lun, and G. Qui, ISIJ Int. 53, 557 (2013).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. S. Samanta, M.C. Goswami, T.K. Baidya, S. Mukherjee, and R. Dey, IJMMM 20, 917 (2013).

    Google Scholar 

  16. A. Saha, S. Ganguly, J. Roy, and A. Dhang, J. Geol. Soc. India 76, 26 (2010).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. H.V. Vidyashankar and S. Govindaiah, J. Geol. Soc. India 74, 58 (2009).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. D. Beura, D. Acharya, P. Singh, and S. Acharya, J. Miner. Mater. Charact. Eng. 8, 745 (2009).

    Google Scholar 

  19. A. Mehdilo and M. Irannajad, Arab J Geosci. (2012). doi:10.1007/s12517-012-0647-x.

    Google Scholar 

  20. M.A.R. Dewan, G. Zhang, and O. Ostrovski, Metal. Mater. Trans. B 41B, 182 (2010).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. W. Yu-ming, Y. Zhang-fu, G. Zhan-cheng, T. Qiang-qiang, L. Zhao-yi, and J. Wei-zhong, Trans. Nonferr. Metal. Soc. 18, 962 (2008).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. N. El-Hussiny, J. Ore Dress. 10, 23–29 (2008).

    Google Scholar 

  23. S. Ranganathan, K.K. Bhattacharyya, A.K. Ray, and K.M. Godiwalla, Miner. Process. Extract. Metal. 121, 55 (2012).

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgement

The authors would like to thank Mr. Supratim Biswas and Mr. Bitan Kumar Sarkar, Research Scholar, Department of Metallurgical and Material Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata. We would also like to express our heartfelt gratitude Mr. S. Bhaduri and Mr. Anirban Sur, Chemist, Geological Survey of India (Eastern Region), Kolkata, (India). One of the authors (S.S.) acknowledges the financial support from Ministry of Steel Development Fund project, Government of India, for funding and providing fellowship.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department Metallurgical and Material Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India

    Saikat Samanta, Siddhartha Mukherjee & Rajib Dey

Authors
  1. Saikat Samanta
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Siddhartha Mukherjee
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Rajib Dey
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Saikat Samanta.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Samanta, S., Mukherjee, S. & Dey, R. Upgrading Metals Via Direct Reduction from Poly-metallic Titaniferous Magnetite Ore. JOM 67, 467–476 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-014-1203-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-014-1203-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation