Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Defining and verifying the “correlation line” in aluminum electrolysis

  • Research Summary
  • Primary Aluminum Production
  • Published:
JOM Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Within the aluminum electrolysis industry it is well known and well documented that there exists a relationship between bath temperature and excess AlF3. This relationship is often referred to as the correlation line. Inspired by this awareness, this paper proves the correlation line theoretically. This is done in two steps. First, the correlation line is derived from a model of mass and energy balance of an electrolysis cell. Second, the theoretically derived correlation line is verified experimentally.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. P. Desclaux, “AlF3 Additions Based on Bath Temperature Measurements,” Light Metals 1987, ed. R.D. Zabreznik (Warrendale, PA: TMS, 1987), pp. 309–313.

    Google Scholar 

  2. D.J. Salt, “Bath Chemistry Control System,” Light Metals 1990, ed. C.M. Bickert (Warrendale, PA: TMS, 1990), pp. 299–304.

    Google Scholar 

  3. K. Grjotheim and H. Kvande, Introduction to Aluminium Electrolysis, second edition (Dusseldorf: Aluminium-Verlag, 1993).

    Google Scholar 

  4. A. Solheim (personal communication, June 2005).

  5. M.M. Hyland et al., “Aluminium Fluoride Consumption and Control in Smelting Cells,” Scandinavian Journal of Metallurgy, 30 (2001), pp. 404–414.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. J. Thonstad and S. Rolseth, “Equilibrium between Bath and Side Ledge,” Light Metals 1983, ed. E.M. Adkins (Warrendale, PA: TMS, 1983), pp. 415–424.

    Google Scholar 

  7. A. Meghlaoui, Y.A. Al Farsi, and N.H. Aljabri, “Analytical and Experimental Study of Fluoride Evolution,” Light Metals 2002, ed. Wolfgang Schneider (Warrendale, PA: TMS, 2002), pp. 283–287.

    Google Scholar 

  8. P.M. Entner and G.A. Gudmundsson, “Further Development of the Temperature Model,” Light Metals 1996, ed. Wayne Hale (Warrendale, PA: TMS, 1996), pp. 445–449.

    Google Scholar 

  9. P.M. Entner, “Control of Bath Temperature,” Light Metals 1995, ed. James W. Evans (Warrendale, PA: TMS, 1995), pp. 369–374.

    Google Scholar 

  10. P.M. Entner, “Control of AlF3 Concentration,” Light Metals 1992, ed. Euel Cutshall (Warrendale, PA: TMS, 1992), pp. 369–374.

    Google Scholar 

  11. P.M. Entner, “Further Development of the AlF3-Model,” Light Metals 1993, ed. Subodh K. Das (Warrendale, PA: TMS, 1993), pp. 265–268.

    Google Scholar 

  12. T. Drengstig, D. Ljungquist, and B. Foss, “On AlF3 and Temperature Control of Aluminium Electrolysis Cell,” IEEE Trans. on Control Systems Technology, 6(2) (1998), pp. 157–171.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. M.J. Wilson, “Practical Considerations Used in the Development of a Method for Calculating Aluminium Fluoride Based on Cell Temperature,” Light Metals 1992, ed. Euel Cutshall (Warrendale, PA: TMS, 1992), pp. 375–378.

    Google Scholar 

  14. W. Haupin and H. Kvande, “Mathematical Model of Fluoride Evolution from Hall-Héroult Cells,” Light Metals 1993, ed. Subodh K. Das (Warrendale, PA: TMS, 1993), pp. 257–263.

    Google Scholar 

  15. M.P. Taylor, “Fluoride Material Balance,” Proceedings of the Fourth Australian Aluminium Smelter Technology Workshop (Sidney Australia, 25–30 October 1992), pp. 720–732.

  16. J.M. Peyneau, “The Automated Control of Bath Composition on High Amperage Cell,” Proceedings of International Symposium on Reduction and Casting of Aluminium 1988 (Montreal Canada, 28–31 August 1988), pp. 189–195.

  17. T. Drengstig, “On Process Model Representation and AlF3 Dynamics of Aluminium Electrolysis Cells” (Dr.Ing. thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 1997).

  18. T. Drengstig, S. Kolås, and T. Støre, “The Impact of Varying Conductivity on the Control of Aluminum Electrolysis Cells,” Light Metals 2002, ed. Wolfgang Schneider (Warrendale, PA: TMS, 2002), pp. 377–382.

    Google Scholar 

  19. J.J.J. Chen and M.P. Taylor, “Control of Temperature and Aluminium Fluoride in Aluminium Reduction,” Aluminium, 7/8 (2005), pp. 678–682.

    Google Scholar 

  20. S. Kolås and T. Støre, “Bath Temperature and AlF3 Control of an Aluminium Electrolysis Cell,” submitted to Control Engineering Practice (2006).

  21. A. Solheim and L. Støen (personal communication, 2005).

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Norwegian University of Science and Technology in Trondheim, Trondheim, Norway

    Steinar Kolås Ph.D. candidate (staff scientist)

  2. Hydro Aluminium ASA, Technology & Operational Support, N-6884, Øvre Årdal, Norway

    Steinar Kolås Ph.D. candidate (staff scientist)

Authors
  1. Steinar Kolås Ph.D. candidate
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Kolås, S. Defining and verifying the “correlation line” in aluminum electrolysis. JOM 59, 55–60 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-007-0066-8

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-007-0066-8

Keywords

Search

Navigation